Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
what are the six levels of structural organization of the body?
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
define metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions in the body
What are the eleven body systems? (MR DICE RUNS)
Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive, Integumentary, Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Reproduction, Urinary, Nervous, Skeletal,
What is the function of the Integumentary System and what organs are a part of it?
provides protection, regulates body temp, synthesizes vitamin D, and houses sensor receptors. Skin, nails, hair.
What is the function of the Skeletal system and what organs are associated with it?
provides support and protection, stores calcium and phosphorous, provides sites for ligament and muscle attachments, site of hematopoiesis. Skull, sternum, cartilage, vertebrae, sacrum, knee joint, limb bones, rib
What is the function of the Nervous system and what organs are associated with it?
responds to stimuli, controls muscles and some glands, responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory. eye, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, nerves, central nervous system
What is the function of the Muscular system and what organs are associated with it?
produces body movement, generates heat. pectoralis major muscle, aponeurosis, tendons, sartorius muscle
What is the function of the Endocrine system and what organs are associated with it?
responsible for hormones, maintaining homeostasis of blood composition and volume, control digestive processes, and control reproductive functions. Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, kidney, testes
What is the function of the Cardiovascular system and what organs are associated with it?
distributes hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products. heart and blood vessels
What is the function of the Respiratory system and what organs are associated with it?
responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and Co2). lungs, esophagus.
What is the function of the Lymphatic system and what organs are associated with it?
transports and filters lymph, participate in immune response. tonsils, cervical lymph node, thymus, axillary, lymph nodes, spleen, thoracic duct, inguinal lymph nodes, popliteal lymph node, lymph vessel
What is the function of the Urinary system and what organs are associated with it?
concentrates waste products in the form of urine, filters waste. kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
What is the function of the digestive system and what organs are associated with it?
digests food, absorbs nutrients, expels waste products. salivary gland, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
What is the function of the Male Reproductive system and what organs are associated with it?
produces male sex cells and hormones, transfers sperm to the female. ductus deferens, prostate gland, urethra, testis, seminal vesicle, epididymis, penis, scrotum
What is the function of the Female Reproductive system and what organs are associated with it?
produces female sex cells and hormones, receives sperm from male, site of fertilization, site of growth and development, produces breast milk. mammary glands, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, clitoris, labia
define homeostasis
the ability of an organism to maintain consistent internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions
What are the three components of homeostatic controls?
receptor, control center, effector
describe the receptor
detects stimulus and sends info to the control center. sensory neurons, stretch receptors
describe the control center
integrates information from receptor and initiates change through effector. the brain or endocrine gland
describe the effector
brings about change to a stimulus. muscle or gland
What are negative feedback mechanisms?
process that brings about reversal of any changes in conditions
What are positive feedback mechanisms?
an increase in a variable until a climatic event is reached
What are the characteristics of anatomic position?
upright stance, eyes look forward, head is level, upper limbs at the sides of body, palms face anteriorly, feet parallel and flat on the floor
define section
cut or slice that exposes internal anatomy
