Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEENT > Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the Throat, Nose, Sinuses, and Middle Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the Throat, Nose, Sinuses, and Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures in the nasal cavity slow air flow?

a) turbinates
b) epithelium
c) septum
d) nose hair

A

a) turbinates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What size of particles does the nose hair filter out?

A

> 30mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which vascularized tissue connects the mucosal layer to the periosteum (bone)

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nasal mucosa serves a _________ function against environmental exposure

A

protective function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stimulating the parasympathetic system causes increases or decreases mucous production?

A

increases mucous production (vasodilation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When stimulating the sympathetic system, nasal congestion or decongestion occurs? Vasodilation or vasoconstriction?

A

nasal congestion occurs, and by vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What nerve does the nasal mucosa innervate?

A

trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which nerve innervates for sense of smell?

A

olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What three cells is ciliary epithelium made of?

A
  1. Ciliated columnar epithelial cells –> remove particulate to nasopharynx
  2. Goblet cells –> produce mucin
  3. Basal cells –> attach mucous epithelium submucosal tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Which receptors mediate increased mucous production?
a) M2
b) M3
c) M1
D) M4
A

b) M3 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Which receptors inhibit mucous production?
a) M2
b) M3
c) M1
D) M4
A

a) M2 by blocking acetylcholine release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which cells are associated with release of histamine and inflammatory mediators from an allergen

A

mast cells and basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve mediates pruritis and sneezing?

a) facial nerve
b) abducens
c) hypoglossal
d) trigeminal

A

d) trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which receptors lead to vasoconstriction that attenuates hyperemia

a) a1 + a2
b) b1 + b2
c) a1 + b1
d) a2 + b1

A

a) a1 + a2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What releases when H3 receptor is activated during nasal stuffiness?

a) epinephrine
b) norepinephrine
c) noradrenaline
d) adrenaline

A

c) noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

condition that describes inflammation of the nose and sinuses

A

rhinosinusitis (sinusitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long does acute rhinsosinusitis last for?

a) < 2 weeks
b) <3 weeks
c) <4 weeks
d) <6 weeks

A

c) < 4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes rhinosinusitis?

A

rhinovirus

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

19
Q

Symptoms of rhinosinusitis?

A

nasal obstruction and discharge, changes in smell, facial pain/pressure, radiates to teeth

20
Q

How long does chronic rhinosinusitis occur?

a) > 12 weeks
b) > 6 weeks
c) > 8 weeks
d) > 10 weeks

A

a) > 12 weeks

21
Q

Presence of nasal polyps indicates acute or chronic sinusitis?

A

chronic sinusitis

22
Q

what structure connects the nasal passage to the larynx and drains sinuses, lymph, and auditory tubes

A

nasopharynx

23
Q

what structure closes passage during swallowing?

A

soft palate

24
Q

what structure connects mouth to esophagus and contains the epiglottus

A

oropharynx

25
Q

what structure is the common passage for food and air?

a) esophagus
b) nasopharynx
c) oropharynx
d) laryngopharynx

A

d) largynophyaynx

26
Q

What causes pharyngitis and what are the symptom?

A

rhinovirus, streptococcus, candida

sore throat

27
Q

How long is pharyngitis infectious for?

A

7 days

28
Q

which structure of the ear collects sound waves and sends them to the tympanic membrane?

A

external acoustic meatus

29
Q

two names for the external ear?

A

auricle or pinna

30
Q

circular structure at the internal end of the external acoustic meatus

A

eardrum (part of the tympanic membrane)

31
Q

What is the middle ear called?

a) Pinna
b) ossicles
c) auricle
d) mallaeus

A

b) ossicles

32
Q

what structure of the area sends vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear?

A

middle ear- ossicles

33
Q

what structure is attached tot he internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

a) ossicles
b) incus
c) malleus
d) stapes

A

c) malleus

34
Q

which structure in the ear connects the malleus with the stapes?

a) incus,
b) ossicles
c) ear drum
d) timpus

A

a) incus

35
Q

which structure in the ear attaches to the vestibular window?

A

stapes

36
Q

what condition is it when there is inflammation of the middle ear?

A

otitis media

37
Q

why is acute otitis media common in children?

A

short auditory tube increase risk of infection to middle ear

38
Q

What is a big risk factor in getting acute otitis media?

A

a) daycare attendance

39
Q

what is the area of the ear called where there are functional organs for hearing located

A

inner ear (labyrinth)

40
Q

a coiled tube structure that is divided into 3 chambers that transduces sound?

A

cochlea

41
Q

Which group of antibiotics is a risk of drug-induced ototoxicity

a) fluoroquinolones
b) beta-lactams
c) aminoglycosides
d) macrolides

A

c) aminoglycosides

42
Q

which test can detect vestibulotoxicity?

A

dynamic illegible E test

43
Q

this type of toxicity can be detected by loss of response to high-frequency sound

a) neurotoxicity
b) cytotoxicity
c) chocleotoxicity
d) vestibulotoxicty

A

c) chocleotoxicity

HEENT (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions