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EMS 201 > Anatomy and Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula.

A

clavicle

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2
Q

The proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint.

A

femoral head

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3
Q

Tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body.

A

subcutaneous tissue

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4
Q

The amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation; average volume is about 1,200 mL in the average adult man.

A

expiratory reserve volume

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5
Q

Thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting.

A

chordae tendineae

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6
Q

An extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. It lies inside of and is protected by the spinal canal.

A

spinal cord

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7
Q

The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells; also called cellular respiration.

A

metabolism

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8
Q

The bones of the fingers and toes.

A

phalanges

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9
Q

A thin, straw-colored fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the cells and carries waste products of metabolism away from the cells and back into the capillaries so that they may be excreted.

A

lymph

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10
Q

The bone of the lower jaw.

A

mandible

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11
Q

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.

A

perfusion

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12
Q

Small bones that compose the wrist.

A

carpals

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13
Q

The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. It helps regulate water balance and eliminate solid waste.

A

large intestine

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14
Q

The hip bones.

A

coxae (singular: coxa)

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15
Q

Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels.

A

alpha-adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

The use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired.

A

Labored breathing

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17
Q

One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.

A

pubis

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18
Q

One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvis and the abdominal organs to the heart.

A

inferior vena cava

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19
Q

The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary.

A

nervous system

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20
Q

The bending of a joint.

A

flexion

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21
Q

The small organs that produce hair.

A

hair follicles

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22
Q

The windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs.

A

trachea

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23
Q

The 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. One pair of ribs is attached to each of these vertebrae.

A

Thoracic spine

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24
Q

The part of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves; these may be sensory nerves, motor nerves, or connecting nerves

A

peripheral nervous system

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25
Q

The main artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.

A

aorta

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26
Q

The pressure of water to move, typically into the capillary, as the result of the presence of plasma proteins.

A

oncotic pressure

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27
Q

The narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum.

A

xiphoid process

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28
Q

The body cavity that contains many of the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis.

A

abdomen

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29
Q

The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control.

A

somatic nervous system

30
Q

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion.

A

shock

31
Q

Blood cells that have a role in the body’s immune defense mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes.

A

white blood cells

32
Q

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges.

A

cerebrospinal fluid

33
Q

One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart.

A

superior vena cava

34
Q

Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Adrenal glands

35
Q

The heel bone.

A

calcaneus

36
Q

The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgment.

A

brain

37
Q

The potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura; described as “potential” because under normal conditions, the space does not exist.

A

pleural space

38
Q

The substance that leaves the stomach. It is a combination of all of the eaten foods with added stomach acids.

A

chyme

39
Q

Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones. These tissues support and strengthen a joint.

A

ligaments

40
Q

Tiny, disc-shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells; they are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding.

A

platelets

41
Q

The chest or rib cage.

A

thoracic cage

42
Q

The space in between the cells.

A

Interstitial space

43
Q

An imaginary plane where the body is divided into front and back parts.

A

coronal plane

44
Q

The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand.

A

tunica media

45
Q

The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth, or palate.

A

nasopharynx

46
Q

The portion of the vertebral column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck.

A

cervical spine

47
Q

The knee cap; a specialized bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle.

A

patella

48
Q

The supporting structure for the legs, which serves to connect the legs to the axial skeleton.

A

pelvic girdle

49
Q

The muscle in the back of the upper arm.

A

triceps

50
Q

The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs per minute; calculated by multiplying the tidal volume and respiratory rate; also called minute ventilation.

A

minute volume

51
Q

The serous membranes covering the lungs and lining the thorax, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural space.

A

pleura

52
Q

The bone on the thumb side of the forearm.

A

radius

53
Q

The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially that of the ventricles.

A

systole

54
Q

The wavelike contraction of smooth muscle by which the ureters or other tubular organs propel their contents.

A

peristalsis

55
Q

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

A

foramen magnum

56
Q

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin.

A

sweat glands

57
Q

A hard, bony, and cartilaginous prominence found at the midline in the lowermost portion of the abdomen where the two halves of the pelvic ring are joined by cartilage at a joint with minimal motion.

A

pubic symphysis

58
Q

Fluid ejaculated from the penis and containing sperm.

A

semen

59
Q

One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements.

A

cerebellum

60
Q

The amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation; the amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume.

A

inspiratory reserve volume

61
Q

The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion of food and relaxation.

A

parasympathetic nervous system

62
Q

The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone, the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone.

A

zygomas

63
Q

The amount of air (in milliliters) that is moved into or out of the lungs during one breath.

A

tidal volume

64
Q

The inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb.

A

ulna

65
Q

The exchange of air between the lungs and the environment; occurs spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT.

A

ventilation

66
Q

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular function; also called shock.

A

hypoperfusion

67
Q

A male genital gland that contains specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm.

A

testicle

68
Q

The bones that lie between the temporal and occipital regions of the cranium.

A

parietal bones

69
Q

The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine.

A

urinary system

70
Q

One of the two lower chambers of the heart.

A

ventricle

71
Q

An organ that lies below the midbrain and above the medulla and contains numerous important nerve fibers, including those for sleep, respiration, and the medullary respiratory center.

A

pons

EMS 201 (6 decks)

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