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opthalmology > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

function of the chorioid

A

nutrition and gas exchange

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2
Q

function of ciliary body

A

controls iris
shape of lens
secretion of aqueous humour

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3
Q

Innervation of sphincter pupillae

A

oculomotor -parasymp

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4
Q

where is the anterior segment of the eye found and what is it divided into

A

infront of lens
divided into :
anterior segment and posterior segment

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5
Q

where is the anterior segment found

A

between cornea and iris

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6
Q

where is the posterior segemnt found

A

suspensory ligament and iris

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7
Q

what is the posterior chamber

adn what does it contain

A

behind lens - contains vitreous body that contains vitreous humour

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8
Q

what secretes aqueous fluid

A

ciliary body

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9
Q

path of aqueous fluid

A

secreted from ciliary body
circulates in posterior chamber to nourish lens
passes through pupil
reabsordes into canal of schlemm (iridocorneal angle)

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10
Q

what is the arterial supply to the eye

A

opthalmic artery

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11
Q

where does the venoud drainage of the eye drain to

A

cavernous sinus

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12
Q

what is the macula

A

greatest density of cones

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13
Q

what is fovea

A

centre of macula

area of most acute vision

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14
Q

are there photoreceptors on the optic disc

A

no is your blind spot

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15
Q

what artery is blocked if monocular blindness

A

central artery of retina

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16
Q

what sensory innervation of conjunctiva and cornea

A

V1

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17
Q

what is a miotic pupil

A

non physiologically constricted pupil

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18
Q

what is a no physiologically dilated pupil called

A

mydriatic pupil

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19
Q

if youre wanting to look far away what hapens to the lens

A

thins

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20
Q

in near vision what happens to the lens and to the ciliary muscle

A

in near the suspensory ligament relax to thicken lens

the ciliary muscle contract (parasymp) to make pupil smaller

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21
Q

relfex tears are due to what CN

A

CN V1 senses (afferent)

CN VII produces (efferent)

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22
Q

bacterial conjuctivities causee by what bugs in neonatesand what shoudl be done

A

staph aureus
chlamydia
gonorrhoea
REFER, SWAB

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23
Q

a history of what would indicate to avoid chloramphenicol

A

aplastic anaemia

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24
Q

viral conjunctivitis cause by

A

adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster

25
Q

bilateral conjunctivitis in young adult with grains of rice in conjunctiva suspect?

A

chlamydia

contact tracing

26
Q

what is keratitis

A

inflam of the cornea

27
Q

how might a bacterial keratitis present

A

hypopyon in contact lenses wearer

28
Q

causes of viral keratitis

A

herpes simplex or adenovirus

29
Q

what causes dendritic ulcer

A

herpes simplex (viral keratitis)

30
Q

what should not be given to a dendritic ulcer

A

STEROIDS-can cause melt

31
Q

what keraitis shows white spots on slit lamp adn is ususally seen followign URTI

A

adenoviral keratitis - CONTAGIOUS

32
Q

if someone has a ring keratitis (like a halo in cornea) what is suspected

A

acanthomeoba keratitis

33
Q

is eyemovement painful in orbital cellulitis

A

yes

34
Q

how to treat orbital cellulitis

A

broad spec antibiotics

35
Q

cmmon casue of endophalmitis

A

staph epidermidis

36
Q

what is endopthalmitis

A

inflam of intraocular fluid

37
Q

causes of chorioretinitis

A

toxoplasmosis toxocariosis

38
Q

diagnosis of chorioretinitis

A

serology

39
Q

what is gievn in chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

topical oxytetracyline

40
Q

what is used to treat dendritic ulcers

A

ganciclovir

41
Q

what ions cross from blood to CSF

A

Na, Cl, HCO3

42
Q

what channel is involved in the dark current ? ie what is open in the dark

A

cGMP gated sodium channel

43
Q

what molecule closes cGMP Na gated channels when light turns on

A

all-trans retinal

44
Q

how is all trans retinal produced

A

from rhodopsin (opsin +retinal )

45
Q

a closing of na channels does what to the cell in terms of polarisation

A

hyperpolarises it

46
Q

describe the 3 types of cones

A

blue - short wave
green - medium wave
red - long wave
ROYGBIV

47
Q

what is found in fovea rods or cones

A

cones

48
Q

what has higher acuity rods or cones

A

cones

49
Q

what is used to see in dim light rods or cones

A

rods

50
Q

what has higher light sensitivity rods or cones

A

rods

rods - high light sensitivity
cones - higher acuity

51
Q

what Ig is found in tears

A

IgA

52
Q

what is tears destroys gram negative bugs

A

lysozomes

53
Q

what in tears destroys gram positive bugs

A

transferrin and lactoferrin

54
Q

what is the only antigen preseting cell in the external eye( cornea and sclera)

A

langerhan cells

55
Q

what is the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage

A

conjunctiva

56
Q

what is Anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID)

A

ACAIS prtects eye from collateral damage from immune respsonse to infection by suppressing a future potentially damaging response to infection

corneal cells dont express MHC class II molecules

57
Q

what is sympathetic opthalmia

A

rare, bilateral granulomatous uveitis (inflam of choroid and ciliary body) due to trauma to one eye

58
Q

penetratig injury to one eye that lead to bilateral blindness is

A

sympathetic opthalmia

opthalmology (3 decks)

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