anatomy Flashcards
function of the chorioid
nutrition and gas exchange
function of ciliary body
controls iris
shape of lens
secretion of aqueous humour
Innervation of sphincter pupillae
oculomotor -parasymp
where is the anterior segment of the eye found and what is it divided into
infront of lens
divided into :
anterior segment and posterior segment
where is the anterior segment found
between cornea and iris
where is the posterior segemnt found
suspensory ligament and iris
what is the posterior chamber
adn what does it contain
behind lens - contains vitreous body that contains vitreous humour
what secretes aqueous fluid
ciliary body
path of aqueous fluid
secreted from ciliary body
circulates in posterior chamber to nourish lens
passes through pupil
reabsordes into canal of schlemm (iridocorneal angle)
what is the arterial supply to the eye
opthalmic artery
where does the venoud drainage of the eye drain to
cavernous sinus
what is the macula
greatest density of cones
what is fovea
centre of macula
area of most acute vision
are there photoreceptors on the optic disc
no is your blind spot
what artery is blocked if monocular blindness
central artery of retina
what sensory innervation of conjunctiva and cornea
V1
what is a miotic pupil
non physiologically constricted pupil
what is a no physiologically dilated pupil called
mydriatic pupil
if youre wanting to look far away what hapens to the lens
thins
in near vision what happens to the lens and to the ciliary muscle
in near the suspensory ligament relax to thicken lens
the ciliary muscle contract (parasymp) to make pupil smaller
relfex tears are due to what CN
CN V1 senses (afferent)
CN VII produces (efferent)
bacterial conjuctivities causee by what bugs in neonatesand what shoudl be done
staph aureus
chlamydia
gonorrhoea
REFER, SWAB
a history of what would indicate to avoid chloramphenicol
aplastic anaemia
viral conjunctivitis cause by
adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster
bilateral conjunctivitis in young adult with grains of rice in conjunctiva suspect?
chlamydia
contact tracing
what is keratitis
inflam of the cornea
how might a bacterial keratitis present
hypopyon in contact lenses wearer
causes of viral keratitis
herpes simplex or adenovirus
what causes dendritic ulcer
herpes simplex (viral keratitis)
what should not be given to a dendritic ulcer
STEROIDS-can cause melt
what keraitis shows white spots on slit lamp adn is ususally seen followign URTI
adenoviral keratitis - CONTAGIOUS
if someone has a ring keratitis (like a halo in cornea) what is suspected
acanthomeoba keratitis
is eyemovement painful in orbital cellulitis
yes
how to treat orbital cellulitis
broad spec antibiotics
cmmon casue of endophalmitis
staph epidermidis
what is endopthalmitis
inflam of intraocular fluid
causes of chorioretinitis
toxoplasmosis toxocariosis
diagnosis of chorioretinitis
serology
what is gievn in chlamydial conjunctivitis
topical oxytetracyline
what is used to treat dendritic ulcers
ganciclovir
what ions cross from blood to CSF
Na, Cl, HCO3
what channel is involved in the dark current ? ie what is open in the dark
cGMP gated sodium channel
what molecule closes cGMP Na gated channels when light turns on
all-trans retinal
how is all trans retinal produced
from rhodopsin (opsin +retinal )
a closing of na channels does what to the cell in terms of polarisation
hyperpolarises it
describe the 3 types of cones
blue - short wave
green - medium wave
red - long wave
ROYGBIV
what is found in fovea rods or cones
cones
what has higher acuity rods or cones
cones
what is used to see in dim light rods or cones
rods
what has higher light sensitivity rods or cones
rods
rods - high light sensitivity
cones - higher acuity
what Ig is found in tears
IgA
what is tears destroys gram negative bugs
lysozomes
what in tears destroys gram positive bugs
transferrin and lactoferrin
what is the only antigen preseting cell in the external eye( cornea and sclera)
langerhan cells
what is the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage
conjunctiva
what is Anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID)
ACAIS prtects eye from collateral damage from immune respsonse to infection by suppressing a future potentially damaging response to infection
corneal cells dont express MHC class II molecules
what is sympathetic opthalmia
rare, bilateral granulomatous uveitis (inflam of choroid and ciliary body) due to trauma to one eye
penetratig injury to one eye that lead to bilateral blindness is
sympathetic opthalmia
