anatomy

Question 1

function of the chorioid

Answer 1

nutrition and gas exchange

Question 2

function of ciliary body

Answer 2

controls iris
shape of lens
secretion of aqueous humour

Question 3

Innervation of sphincter pupillae

Answer 3

oculomotor -parasymp

Question 4

where is the anterior segment of the eye found and what is it divided into

Answer 4

infront of lens
divided into :
anterior segment and posterior segment

Question 5

where is the anterior segment found

Answer 5

between cornea and iris

Question 6

where is the posterior segemnt found

Answer 6

suspensory ligament and iris

Question 7

what is the posterior chamber

adn what does it contain

Answer 7

behind lens - contains vitreous body that contains vitreous humour

Question 8

what secretes aqueous fluid

Answer 8

ciliary body

Question 9

path of aqueous fluid

Answer 9

secreted from ciliary body
circulates in posterior chamber to nourish lens
passes through pupil
reabsordes into canal of schlemm (iridocorneal angle)

Question 10

what is the arterial supply to the eye

Answer 10

opthalmic artery

Question 11

where does the venoud drainage of the eye drain to

Answer 11

cavernous sinus

Question 12

what is the macula

Answer 12

greatest density of cones

Question 13

what is fovea

Answer 13

centre of macula

area of most acute vision

Question 14

are there photoreceptors on the optic disc

Answer 14

no is your blind spot

Question 15

what artery is blocked if monocular blindness

Answer 15

central artery of retina

Question 16

what sensory innervation of conjunctiva and cornea

Answer 16

V1

Question 17

what is a miotic pupil

Answer 17

non physiologically constricted pupil

Question 18

what is a no physiologically dilated pupil called

Answer 18

mydriatic pupil

Question 19

if youre wanting to look far away what hapens to the lens

Answer 19

thins

Question 20

in near vision what happens to the lens and to the ciliary muscle

Answer 20

in near the suspensory ligament relax to thicken lens

the ciliary muscle contract (parasymp) to make pupil smaller

Question 21

relfex tears are due to what CN

Answer 21

CN V1 senses (afferent)

CN VII produces (efferent)

Question 22

bacterial conjuctivities causee by what bugs in neonatesand what shoudl be done

Answer 22

staph aureus
chlamydia
gonorrhoea
REFER, SWAB

Question 23

a history of what would indicate to avoid chloramphenicol

Answer 23

aplastic anaemia

Question 24

viral conjunctivitis cause by

Answer 24

adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster

Question 25

bilateral conjunctivitis in young adult with grains of rice in conjunctiva suspect?

Answer 25

chlamydia | contact tracing

Question 26

what is keratitis

Answer 26

inflam of the cornea

Question 27

how might a bacterial keratitis present

Answer 27

hypopyon in contact lenses wearer

Question 28

causes of viral keratitis

Answer 28

herpes simplex or adenovirus

Question 29

what causes dendritic ulcer

Answer 29

herpes simplex (viral keratitis)

Question 30

what should not be given to a dendritic ulcer

Answer 30

STEROIDS-can cause melt

Question 31

what keraitis shows white spots on slit lamp adn is ususally seen followign URTI

Answer 31

adenoviral keratitis - CONTAGIOUS

Question 32

if someone has a ring keratitis (like a halo in cornea) what is suspected

Answer 32

acanthomeoba keratitis

Question 33

is eyemovement painful in orbital cellulitis

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

how to treat orbital cellulitis

Answer 34

broad spec antibiotics

Question 35

cmmon casue of endophalmitis

Answer 35

staph epidermidis

Question 36

what is endopthalmitis

Answer 36

inflam of intraocular fluid

Question 37

causes of chorioretinitis

Answer 37

toxoplasmosis toxocariosis

Question 38

diagnosis of chorioretinitis

Answer 38

serology

Question 39

what is gievn in chlamydial conjunctivitis

Answer 39

topical oxytetracyline

Question 40

what is used to treat dendritic ulcers

Answer 40

ganciclovir

Question 41

what ions cross from blood to CSF

Answer 41

Na, Cl, HCO3

Question 42

what channel is involved in the dark current ? ie what is open in the dark

Answer 42

cGMP gated sodium channel

Question 43

what molecule closes cGMP Na gated channels when light turns on

Answer 43

all-trans retinal

Question 44

how is all trans retinal produced

Answer 44

from rhodopsin (opsin +retinal )

Question 45

a closing of na channels does what to the cell in terms of polarisation

Answer 45

hyperpolarises it

Question 46

describe the 3 types of cones

Answer 46

blue - short wave green - medium wave red - long wave ROYGBIV

Question 47

what is found in fovea rods or cones

Answer 47

cones

Question 48

what has higher acuity rods or cones

Answer 48

cones

Question 49

what is used to see in dim light rods or cones

Answer 49

rods

Question 50

what has higher light sensitivity rods or cones

Answer 50

rods rods - high light sensitivity cones - higher acuity

Question 51

what Ig is found in tears

Answer 51

IgA

Question 52

what is tears destroys gram negative bugs

Answer 52

lysozomes

Question 53

what in tears destroys gram positive bugs

Answer 53

transferrin and lactoferrin

Question 54

what is the only antigen preseting cell in the external eye( cornea and sclera)

Answer 54

langerhan cells

Question 55

what is the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage

Answer 55

conjunctiva

Question 56

what is Anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID)

Answer 56

ACAIS prtects eye from collateral damage from immune respsonse to infection by suppressing a future potentially damaging response to infection corneal cells dont express MHC class II molecules

Question 57

what is sympathetic opthalmia

Answer 57

rare, bilateral granulomatous uveitis (inflam of choroid and ciliary body) due to trauma to one eye

Question 58

penetratig injury to one eye that lead to bilateral blindness is

Answer 58

sympathetic opthalmia