Anatomy Flashcards
what are the regions of the upper arm from superior to inferior?
axilla arm elbow forearm wrist hand
what are the regions of the lower limb from superior to inferior?
groin thigh knee leg ankle foot
where is fascia found?
below the dermis
what is another name for the superficial fascia?
subcutaneous tissue
what are the two types of fascia?
superficial
deep
what is the superficial fascia made from?
loose connective tissue
fat
where is most of the bodies fat stored?
the superficial fascia
what is contained in the superficial fascia?
superficial blood vessels
cutaneous nerve
lymphatics
sweat glands
what is deep fascia made of?
dense connective tissue
where is deep fascia found?
deep to to the skin and superficial facia
what is the iliotibial tract and where is it found?
thickened band of the fascia lata on the lateral aspect of the thigh
where does the iliotibial tract insert?
superior = ilium inferior = tibia
what does the deep fascia form when it surrounds muscles?
intermuscular septa between groups of muscles
what do the intermuscular septa form?
compartments in the limbs
where does the brachial artery bifurcate?
the cubital fossa
what are the branches of the brachial artery?
radial artery
ulnar artery
where does the popliteal artery bifurcate?
popliteal fossa
what are the branches of the popliteal artery?
anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery
what artery is the direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery?
dorsalis pedis
what are the branches of the posterior tibial artery?
medial and lateral plantar arteries
what can occur if a digital artery becomes occluded and why?
digital infarction, as they are end arteries
what are the two types of veins?
superficial
deep
where do superficial veins run?
in superficial fascia
describe superficial veins
small
thin
variable patterns
where do superficial veins drain into?
deep veins
get here by piercing the deep fascia
where do deep veins run?
deep to the deep fascia
describe deep veins
large
thick
more predictable patterns
what are deep veins often found in?
neurovascular bundles with an artery and a nerve
what are the two main superficial veins of the upper limb?
cephalic vein
basilic vein
where does the cephalic vein arise?
the dorsal venous network
where does the cephalic vein travel?
up the lateral aspect of the upper limb
superiorly, between the deltopectoral groove
where does the cephalic vein drain into?
the axillary vein
what does the axillary vein become and where?
the subclavian vein
at the lateral border of rib 1
where does the basilic vein arise?
the dorsal venous network
where does the basilic vein travel?
up the medial aspect of the limb
where does the basilic vein drain into?
the brachial vein (deep)
pierces the deep fascia tp get to it
where do the two superficial veins of the arm connect?
the median cubital vein
what is the median cubital vein often used for?
venepuncture
what are the two main superficial veins of the lower limbs?
great saphenous vein
small saphenous vein
where does the great saphenous vein arise?
the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch
where does the great saphenous vein travel?
up the medial aspect of the limb
where does the great saphenous vein drain into?
the femoral vein by piercing the fascia lata
where does the great saphenous vein lie?
immediately anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia
what does the great saphenous vein run alongside?
the saphenous nerve
what is the saphenous nerve a branch of?
the femoral nerve
where and how does the size of the great saphenous vein increase?
increases as it moves more superiorly
due to small veins joining it
where does the small saphenous vein arise?
from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch
where does the small saphenous vein run?
up the posterior midline of the leg
where does the small saphenous vein drain into?
the popliteal vein
all deep veins are bilateral, except from which two?
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
how does blood flow from superficial to deep veins?
through perforating veins, that enter the deep vein at an oblique angle
what prevents backflow of blood through perforating veins?
perforating veins are compressed by muscles
what are veins that accompany arteries called?
vena comitantes
where do the superficial lymphatics of the upper arm arise?
plexuses in the fingers and hands
what veins do the superficial lymphatics of the upper limb follow?
basilic or cephalic
where do superficial lymphatics of the upper limb that follow the basilic vein drain?
cubital nodes
lateral axillary nodes
where do superficial lymphatics of the upper limb that follow the cephalic vein drain?
apical axillary lymph nodes
what do the deep lymphatics of the upper limb follow?
deep veins of the upper limb
where do deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain?
lateral axillary lymph nodes
where do axillary lymph nodes drain into?
subclavian lymphatics
what veins do the superficial lymphatics of the lower limbs follow?
saphenous veins
where do superficial lymphatics of the lower limbs that follow the great saphenous vein drain?
superficial inguinal nodes
external iliac OR deep inguinal nodes
where do superficial lymphatics of the lower limbs that follow the small saphenous vein drain?
popliteal nodes
deep inguinal nodes
external iliac nodes
what do the deep lymphatics of the lower limb follow?
deep veins of the lower limb
where do the deep lymphatics of the lower limb drain?
popliteal nodes
deep inguinal nodes
external iliac nodes
where do external iliac nodes drain?
common iliac nodes
lumbar nodes
