Anatomy

Question 1

What is the larynx innervated by?

Answer 1

recurrent laryngeal and vagus

Question 2

What is the space between the vocal folds called?

Answer 2

Glottis

Question 3

What opens and closes the vocal folds?

Answer 3

arytenoid cartilage

Question 4

Are tracheal rings complete?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What breaks the cartilage ring?

Answer 5

Trachealis muscle

Question 6

What is bifurcation in the trachea called?

Answer 6

Carina

Question 7

Which main stem bronchi more vertical?

Answer 7

Right, so food can fall down

Question 8

If a bronchiole is greater than 1mm than?

Answer 8

it had cartilage

Question 9

What do terminal bronchial have and dont have?

Answer 9

Don’t have mucous glands

Do have cilia

Question 10

What does type 1 and 2 alveoli provide?

Answer 10

2-surfactant

1-structure

Question 11

What is the opening between alveoi called?

Answer 11

Pore of Khon

Hold breath and allows for shunting

Question 12

Where is the oblique fissure on the anterior and posterior side?

Answer 12

Posterior is T3-T5 intercostal on the Mid Axillary

Anterior-6th intercostal on Mid Clavicular

Question 13

What side is the Horizontal fissure and where is it?

Answer 13

4th intercostal space and on the RIGHT side

Question 14

What is the innervation of the parietal and visceral pleura?

Answer 14

Parietal-vagus

Visceral-phrenic-diaphragm and intercostal over ribs

Question 15

Where is the visceral pleura Ant, lat and Post?

Answer 15

Ant-6th intercostal mid clavicular
Lat-8th intercostal mid axillary
Post-T10

Question 16

Where is the Parietal pleura Ant, Lat, Post?

Answer 16

Ant-8th intercostal mid clavicular
Lat-10th intercostal mid axillary
Post-T12

Question 17

How many different ribs are there?

Answer 17

7 true, 5 false, 2 floating

Question 18

Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to?

Answer 18

pH, some O2

Question 19

Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to?

Answer 19

O2 and some CO2

Question 20

What is air in conducting zone and does not participate in gas exchange?

Answer 20

Anatomical dead space

Question 21

What is air in the respiratory zone and does not participate in gas exchange because of a lack of perfusion?

Answer 21

Physiological dead space

Question 22

What is the amount of air the moved in and out of the alveoli?

Answer 22

Alveolar ventilation

Question 23

What is the equation for alveolar ventilation?

Answer 23

(VT-VD)RR

Question 24

What is high volume and low pressure? V/P=

Answer 24

Compliance

Question 25

What two things determine the compliance of the respiratory system?

Answer 25

Compliance of the chest wall+compliance of the lung

Question 26

What are flailing chest wall?

Answer 26

Two fractures on ribs and there movement is paradoxical

Question 27

What is the change of pressure over the change in flow?

Answer 27

Resistance, P/F

Question 28

What are three determinants of resistance?

Answer 28

luminar diameter
flow of air
transmural pressure

Question 29

What are two types of air flow?

Answer 29

Laminar-straight

Turbulent-Air bounces around in high flow rates

Question 30

What type of air flow happens are the carina?

Answer 30

Turbulence

Question 31

What is transmural pressure?

Answer 31

the difference of pressure of the inside vs outside

Question 32

What happens in positive and negative transmural pressure?

Answer 32

Positive-airway stays open

Negative-airway closes

Question 33

What is diffusion?

Answer 33

the difference of Alveolar and arteriole blood

Question 34

What is Fick’s Law?

Answer 34

d(A/T)(P1-P2)

Question 35

What are determinants of Fick’s Law?

Answer 35

d=Diffusion constant
A=surface area-alveoli
T=thickness of barrier-alveolar capillary membrane barrier
(P1-P2)=Pressure difference across barrier

Question 36

Physiological shunting is?

Answer 36

Have blood, but no air