Anatomy Flashcards
What are the parts of the central nervous system?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain stem
- Spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system?
All parts of the nervous system other than the brain and spinal cord.
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Conscious thought, intellectual functions, memory, control of muscles, interpreting what happens inside/outside.
What are the four lobes of the cerebellum?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
Describe anatomy of the cerebellum?
- There are two hemispheres (right and left) which is separated by the vermis and two lobes (anterior and posterior).
- Surface folds are known as folia.
- Contains gray matter and white matter.
What structures are present in gray matter of cerebellum?
- Cerebellar Cortex
- Cerebellar Nuclei
What structures are present in white matter of cerebellum?
Superior, inferior, middle cerebellar peduncles
What is the cerebral cortex?
Outer layer of the cerebrum and has thin sheets of neurons.
What are the types of cerebral cortex?
- Neocortex: more than 6 cell layers
- Allocortex: less than 6 cell layers
What is the anatomy of the cerebral cortex?
- Outer surface is ridge/bump called a gyrus.
- Precentral gyrus (before) and post central gyrus (after).
- Shallow groove/depression known as sulcus
- One sulcus is central sulcus
What are the 3 ways to identify areas of the brain?
1) Anatomy
2) Brodmann’s Map
3) Function
- Motor (movement)
- Sensory (senses)
- Association areas
What are areas of the cerebellum that can’t be seen from the surface?
Insula (deep in lateral tissue) and cingulate gyrus (deep in the longitudinal fissure).
What is the cerebrum?
- Corpus callous connects left and right cerebral hemisphere
- Large bundle neural fibres (axons)
- Information bridge for communication between L and R sides
What are the 3 parts of the cerebrum?
- Longitudinal fissure
- Anterior commissure
- Internal capsule
What is the basal nuclei?
- Masses of gray matter deep within the brain.
- Large bundles of axons around= called basal ganglia
What are the 4 parts of the basal nuclei?
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Both called Striatum*
- Globus Pallidus
- Subthalamus Nucleus
- Both called Lentiform Nuclei*`
What is the limbic system?
- Functional grouping of structures located along the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon.
- Involved in emotional states, linking conscious and unconscious thoughts and memory
What is the amyglada?
- Acts as an interface between limbic system, cerebrum and sensory organs.
- Important role in emotion.
Describe the ventricular system
Fluid filled cavities (ventricles) containing cerebrospinal fluid.
What are the 4 ventricles in the ventricular system?
- 2 x lateral ventricles, 1 in L and R hemispheres
- Interventricular Foramen*
- Third ventricle within diencephalon
- Cerebral Aqueduct*
- Fourth ventricle between brainstem and cerebellum
- Central Canal*
How does the cerebellum and cerebrum attach to brain stem?
-Via the cerebral peduncle and cerebellar peduncle
What are aspects of the diencephalon?
- Thalamus: Relay and processing centres for sensory information
- Hypothalamus: Controls emotion, autonomic functions, hormone production
What are 3 parts of the brainstem?
1) Midbrain
2) Pons
3) Medulla Oblongata
What is the midbrain?
- Processes visual and auditory information.
- Generates reflexive motor responses in somatic NS.
- Maintains consciousness.
What is the pons?
Relays sensory of information to cerebellum and thalamus.