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MSK 2 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Intramembranous ossification summary

A
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2
Q

Laws of Bone remodelling:

Wolff’s Law

Heuter Volkman’s

A
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3
Q

What are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5, C6 and C7

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4
Q

What are the roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and C6

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5
Q

What are the roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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6
Q

What are the roots of the median nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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7
Q

What are the roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C8 and T1

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8
Q

What is the function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Supplies the anterior arm - motor to biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis.

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9
Q

What is the function of the axillary nerve?

A

Motor to the teres minor and deltoid.

Sensory to the shoulder (deltoid badge).

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10
Q

What does the teres minor do?

A

A rotator cuff muscle, the teres minor stabilizes the ball-and-socket glenohumeral joint.

Laterally rotates the arm.

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11
Q

What is the function of the radial nerve?

A

Motor the posterior arm (tricep extensors), posterior forearm extensors - radial nerve opens the fist.

Sensory innervation to the arm, forearm and hand.

Sensory innervation to the posterior forearm and hand.

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12
Q

What is the function of the median nerve?

A

Sensory function to the lateral hand.

Supplies motor function to the anterior forearm and hand - pronators and flexors.

Thenar muscles.

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13
Q

What are the two common landmarks where lesions and compression to the median nerve may occur?

A

Cubital fossa and the carpal tunnel.

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14
Q

What are the two common landmarks where lesions and compression to the radial nerve may occur?

A

Radial groove on the humerus and the lower triangular space.

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15
Q

What is the function of the ulnar nerve?

A

Sensory to the medial hand.

Motor to the anterior forearm and hand - flexion and thumb adduction.

Hypothenar muscles

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16
Q

Where are the two landmarks where compression and lesion to the ulnar nerve can occur?

A

Posterior groove of the medial epicondyle

Cubital tunnel - can lead to cubital tunner syndrome - leads to the pain when you hit your elbow.

17
Q

Map of sensory innervation

A
18
Q

Where is Erb’s point?

A

In the upper trunk by C5 and C6

19
Q

Erb’s palsy:

A
  • Damage at Erb’s point affecting C5 and C6.
  • Presents with loss of shoulder movement and elbow function. (Finger movement is intact at T1 is preserved.)
  • Injured due to a sudden increase of the angle between shoulder and neck.
20
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis affects which roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

21
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis

A
  • Lower trunk injury due to damage at C8 and T1.
  • Loss of intrinsic hand muscle and long finger flexor movements.
  • Hand paralysis and loss of forearm and hand sensation medially
  • Abduction injuries:
    • Falling from height and grabbing on causing upwards pull on the lower trunk.
    • Obstetric complications
22
Q

What is the most common brachial plexus injury?

A

Flail limb

23
Q

Flail limb affects which roots of the BP?

A

C5 through to T1.

24
Q

Flail limb

A
  • Significant trauma is main cause
  • Linked to MND and ALS when non-traumatic
  • Complete loss of upper limb mobility and sensation • Severe muscular atrophy
  • Surgical repair difficult
25
Q

A surgical neck of humerus fracture is likely to damage which nerve?

  • how does this present?
A

Axillary nerve

Results in loss of deltoid and teres minor function.

26
Q

Humeral shaft fracutre is most likely to affect which nerve?

  • How does this present?
A

Humeral shaft fracture = Radial nerve.

Loss of extension at elbow, wrist, hand and fingers.

27
Q

Define dislocation:

A

No contact between the articular surfaces of the joint.

28
Q

DR CUMA - for representation of brachial plexus nerve lesions.

A

Drop Radial

Claw Ulnar

Median Ape

29
Q

Radial nerve lesion summary:

A
30
Q

An ulnar nerve lesion presents with atrophy where?

A

Hypothenar eminence (pinky)

31
Q

Ulnar nerve lesion summary:

A

Cannot cross fingers in good luck sign.

32
Q

A median nerve lesion presents with muscle wasting where?

A

Thenar eminence - leading to ape hand.

33
Q

Median nerve lesion summary:

A
34
Q

What is this a sign of?

A

Osteoarthritis - indicated from the Herbeden’s nodes and Bouchard’s nodes.

MSK 2 (20 decks)

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