anatomy Flashcards
Why is the ureter vulnerable to injury during pelvic surgery in
women?
The ureter may be inadvertently damaged during a hysterectomy when the uterine
artery is tied off. The point of crossing of the uterine artery and ureters lies about 2cm
superior to the ischial spine. The left ureter tends to be very close to the later aspect of the
cervix. The ureter also lies close to the ovarian vessels and can be damaged during
oophorectomy.
Why is this structure more prone to infection in the female?
The urethra is open to the vestibule of the vagina and is shorter than in the male
What procedure is commonly performed through the rectouterine pouch as part of in vitro fertilization?
Oocyte retrieval
Vagina can be significantly
distended by the fetus in all directions. How
is distention limited laterally?
By the space
between the ischial spines.
Which ligaments are important for supporting the uterus and vagina in the pelvis?
Uterosacral and cardinal ligaments.
What is a major cause of infertility in women and name a common method to diagnose this condition?
Tubal obstruction is a common cause of female infertility. Hysterosalpingography (HSG)—a radiographic procedure – is commonly used to diagnose this disorder.
How does the anatomy of the pelvic
viscera make women vulnerable to this disorder?
Because the female genital
tract is in direct communication with the peritoneal cavity. Bacteria that invade the
vagina may ascend through the cervical canal, endometrial cavity and through the
fallopian tubes to cause a peritoneal infection.
What may be a consequence of not diagnosing a tubal pregnancy early?
Rupture of the fallopian tube with massive intra-abdominal bleeding.
How does trauma to the PB during childbirth promote pelvic organ prolapse?
Tearing
at the PB can result an enlarged vaginal orifice with subsequent prolapse of the vaginal
wall.
Episiotomy – a relaxing incision made through the posterior vaginal mucosa, perineal skin, perineal body, and the superficial transverse perineal muscle. Why is this procedure performed during childbirth?
To prevent inevitable tears during the final stage of childbirth.
What is a common complication of a midline episiotomy?
The incision extends to involve the external anal sphincter.
What is a mediolateral episiotomy?
An episiotomy that involves incising the posterior vagina, skin, and bulbospongiosus muscle to avoid the external anal sphincter.
