Anatomy

Question 1

What 3 layers surround the eye?

Answer 1

Retina
Choroid
Sclera

Question 2

What holds the lens?

Answer 2

Ciliary muscles of the ciliary body

Question 3

What nerve controls the ciliary muscles?

Answer 3

CN3 parasympathetic fibres - fattens the lens allowing near vision

Question 4

How does the lens change for accommodation?

Answer 4

Fattens to allow near vision

Question 5

What nerve causes constriction of the pupil?

What nerve dilates the pupil?

Answer 5

CN3 parasympathetic - sphincter pupillae

CN51 sympathetic - dilator pupillae

Question 6

Anterior segment:

What does the anterior segment contain?

What divides this segment into an anterior and posterior chamber?

Answer 6

Aqueous humour - produced by ciliary bodies

Iris

Question 7

What does the posterior chamber contain?

Answer 7

Vitreous humour

Question 8

What is in the anterior segment?

How might pathology present?

Answer 8

Lashes
Lid
Conjunctivae
Cornea
Sclera
Anterior chamber 
Iris 
Lens 
-------
Painful
Red eye
Light sensitivity

Question 9

What is in the posterior segment?

Answer 9

Vitreous humour 
Retina 
Optic nerve 
-------
Painless
Loss of vision
Flashes (photophobia) and floaters

Question 10

What causes dry eyes?

What does Schirmers test show?

Management

Answer 10

Lack of tear production in old age

Low tear production

Artificial tears
Outflow restricted using lubricating drops or by reducing the size of punctum by plugs, cautery or by laser