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Med 1 UBC Fall 2019 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Borderline between foregut and midgut

A

duodenal papilla

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2
Q

Blood supply of midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

Innervation of foregut

A

sympathetic; greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9 psinal cord segments)

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4
Q

Dermatome of T5-T9

A

Epigastric region

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5
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of midgut

A

vagus nerve

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6
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal organs

A

All of those that are GI and retroperitoneal. Those that were intraperitoneal in embryonic development and became retroperitoneal later via folding.

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7
Q

Main differences between jejunum and ileum

A
  • Jejunum is thicker and more vascular - Jejunum wider lumen - Jejunum has circum mucosal folds that are large, tall, closely packed. - Peyer’s patches: aggregated lymphatic follicles in the lamina propria of the ileum and lower jejunum (MALT)
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8
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of hindgut

A

S2-4

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9
Q

Significance of the L colic flexure

A

Transition of parasympathetic innervation from vagus to S2,3,4 (midgut to hindgut)

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10
Q

McBurney’s point

A

the base of the appendix. The tip of the appendix could be anywhere.

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11
Q

Sympathetic innervation of gut results in….

A

inhibition of peristaltic movement. stress –> constipation.

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12
Q

What happens to GIT sphincters in parasympathetic innervation?

A

Sphincters open up. Parasympathetic innervation induces peristalsis. S2-3-4 keeps the poo on the floor (peristaltic movement opens sphincter and poop comes out).

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13
Q

Visceral afferent fibres travel with…

A

sympathetic visceral afferents for the most part… EXCEPT for visceral afferents that detect distension of stomach. Those travel w parasympathetic fibres to hypothalamus to tell us to stop eating.

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14
Q

Referred pain…

A

Starts as dull pain in the midline. When inflammation worsens and begins to involve the peritoneum, then the pain becomes localized correctly and is ~sharp~.

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15
Q
A

A: dura mater

B: arachnoid mater

b) subarachnoid space

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16
Q
A

A: a branch of dorsal ramus

B: ventral ramus

C: dorsal root ganglion

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17
Q

What what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?

A

It terminates at L1-L2

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18
Q

At what vertebral level does the subarachnoid space terminate?

A

It extends past the end of the spinal cord (L1/L2) to the inferior border of S2 (interface with S3)

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19
Q

Where goes the lymphatic drainage from the breast?

A

75% to axillary lymph nodes and the rest go to parasternal lymph nodes.

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20
Q

Describe the innervation of the breast

A

supplied by the 2nd-6th intercostal nerves

The nipple is innervated by the 4th intercostal nerve.

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21
Q

Describe the blood supply to the breast

A

The blood is supplied by the axillary artery, internal thoracic artery, and anterior intercostal arteries

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22
Q

What is this artery?

A

The internal thoracic artery. It supplies the breast along with the axillary artery and the anterior intercostal arteries that branch from it.

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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet and outlet?

A

Inlet: T1, rib 1, sternum

Outlet: Closed by the diaphragm

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24
Q

What is the anatomical and clinical importance of the plane from the sternal angle to T4/5 intervertebral disk? (4)

A

Important for counting ribs (articulates with rib II), bifurcation of trachea, beginning and end of aortic arch, top of middle mediastinum (and divides superior and inferior mediastinum).

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25
Q

Describe the neurovascular contents of an intercostal space

A

Intercostal vein, artery, and nerve (in that order from posterior to inferior)

(the posterior artery component arises from the aorta and the anterior component arises from the thoracic artery)

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26
Q

Describe the course of an intercostal neurovascular bundle and the importance of this for intercostal nerve blocks and the insertion of chest drains.

A

The bundle travels along the top of each intercostal space in the costal groove of the rib above.

Intercostal nerve is the anterior ramus of a thoracic spinal nerve (T1-T11) and is the least protected structure in the costal groove because it is at the bottom.

*** look into this more

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27
Q

Origin of the phrenic nerve and what it does

A

C3,4,5 keeps you alive! It innervates the diaphragm.

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28
Q

What is the clnical importance of the fact that the pleural cavities rise above the level of the 1st rib?

A

Injuries of the neck may therefore implicate the lungs.

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29
Q

At which vertebral level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4/5

30
Q
A

L and R coronary ostia (openings for coronary artery originating from aorta)

31
Q

what remnants of fetal circulation are still visible in the adult heart?

A

fossa ovalis (formerly: foramen ovale)

ligamentum arteriousum (formerly: ductus arteriosus)

32
Q

Differences between heart chambers

A

R ventricle has moderator band

Ventricles have papillary muscle with chrodae tendinae and trabeculae. Atria have musculi pectinati.

33
Q

Where does the esophagues pass the the diaphragm?

A

T10

34
Q

What indentations are normally seen in the esophagus on barium swallow

A

aorta, left main bronchus, left atrium.

35
Q

the diagnostic importance of the relationship between the esophagus with the arch of aorta, L main bronchus, and L atrium

A

fidelity of transesophageal achocardiogram

36
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate

A

T4/5

37
Q

Clinical importance of the different sizes and courses of the L and R primary bronchi

A

Right is fatter and steeper. Means that it is more common for intubation to slip into R only or for foreign body to end up there.

38
Q

Course of Vagus nerve

A
39
Q

Origin, course, and function of phrenic nerve

A

c3-5; innervates diaphragm (and heart a bit)

40
Q

why can pathology of the thorax present as a change in voice?

A

bc L recurrent laryngeal nerve branches fromt he vagus nerve, which goal sall the way down to loop under the art of aorta and behind the ligamentum arteriosum before innervating the larynx.

41
Q

Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the spinal column

A
42
Q

subcostal and transtubercular planes

A
43
Q

normal surface location of the appendix

A

RLQ.

44
Q

Dermatomes of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Intercostal nerves of T6-T11

Subcostal nerves T12 & L1

45
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the anterior abdominal wall

A

T1-T11

46
Q

Innervation of anterior abdominal musculature

A

Lol I don’t know

47
Q

Positions of the inguinal rings

A

Deep inguinal ring is in the fascia tranversalis

Superficial inguinal ring is in the external oblique aponeurosis

48
Q

Direct vs indirect inguinal hernias

A

Direct inguinal hernias bypass the deep inquinal ring to get into the inguinal canal

49
Q

What goes through the inguinal canal?

A

Male: spermatic cord

Female: round ligament

*both contain remnants of the processes vaginalis

50
Q

Conjoint tendon

A

arises from the fusion of internal oblique aponeurosis and tranverse abdominus aponerosis, medial to inguinal canal

51
Q

Differentiate intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal

A

intraperitoneal = suspended by mesentery

Retroperitoneal = attached to the posterior abdominal wall

52
Q

name components of the GI system athat are intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal

A
53
Q

Components of dorsal mesentery

A

greater omentum, mesentery of small intestine, transverse mesocolon, signoid mesocolon, mesoappendix.

54
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament and its contents (3)

A

contents: hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct

55
Q

greater and lesser peritoneal sacs

A
56
Q

Innervation of the foregut

A

Celial ganglion on either side of the celiac arter (trunk). Sympathetic innervation T5-T9 (greater and lesser splanchnic nerves) and parasympathetic innervation from vagus nerve.

57
Q

Main features of the ileum

A

Thinner walls, no circular folds, many peyer’s patches.

58
Q

what is the significance of the left colic flexture with respect to parasympathetic innervation

A

Parasympathetic innervation switches from vagus to S2-4

59
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic input to the prevertebral plexus and the route the fibres take to the viscera (I don’t know)

A
60
Q

Innervation of the midgut

A

superior mesenteric ganglion near root of superior mesenteric artery. Sympathetic from T10-11 (lesser splanchnic) and parasympathetic from vagus nerve.

61
Q

Hindgut innervation

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion near root of inferior mesenteric artery. Sympathetic from T12-L1 and Parasympathetic from S2-4.

62
Q

Be able to identify the greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen, and obturator canal

A
63
Q
A
64
Q

Name two of the three anatomical characteristics that differentiate the large intestine from the small bowel

A

Haustra coli, tenia coli, epiploic/omental appendages; also lumenal diameter

65
Q

The majority of the lymph generated in the breast structures drains into the

A

Axillary lymph nodes

66
Q

Which embryological regions are separated at the level of the major duodenal papilla?

A

Foregut & midgut

67
Q

Name and locate the subsections of the broad ligament

A
68
Q

Visualize the relationship between the ureter and the uterine artery

A
69
Q

Visualize the realtionship between the ureter and the vas deferens

A
70
Q

List the branches of the pudendal nerve

A

Dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris

Perineal nerve

Inferior rectal nerve

71
Q

Describe the position of the deep perineal pouch

A

Note its position relative to the perineal membrane and the superficial perineal pouch

72
Q
A

Med 1 UBC Fall 2019 (16 decks)

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