Anatomy Flashcards
What is the integumentary system?
the skin
What is the solar surface?
surface of wrist
What is the palmar surface?
surface of the hand
What is the ventral surface?
anterior of the tongue
What is the plantar surface?
inferior of the foot
What is in a neuromuscular bundle?
vein
nerve
artery
What do the words ‘trunk’ or ‘common’ suggest of a vessel?
it will divide again
What is sympathetic tone?
the background contraction due to tonic conduction of action potentials to arterioles by sympathetic nerves
What does thoracolumbar outflow include?
T1-L2 segments of the spinal cord for sympathetic nerves
Where does the thoracolumbar outflow then go to?
the splanchnic nerves to supply organs
What are the branches of the aorta and their subsequent branches?
- ascending (R and L coronary artery)
- arch (3 branches)
- thoracic
- abdominal (3 unpaired midline and 6 paired bilateral)
What are the branches off the arch of the aorta?
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
Which is more superior- subclavian veins or arteries?
subclavian arteries are above veins
Through what structures does the vertebral artery pass?
through transverse foramina then through foramen magnum
What does the carotid sinus do?
- senses blood pressure
- is the most proximal part of the internal carotid artery
- CNIX
What does the carotid body do?
monitor blood gas levels and pH
What is the function of the Circle of Willis?
to join the internal carotids and provide collateral vessels for alternate pathways
What are the characteristics of the blood brain barrier?
- tight junctions
- astrocytes around capillaries
- prevent diffusion
- can be weakened by brain injury, inflammation and neoplasia
- O2, CO2 and ethanol can cross but some antibiotics can’t
What is an end artery and an example of one?
the only arterial blood supply to an area e.g. coronary artery
Through what arteries does the blood flow through to get to the hands?
left subclavian –> axillary –> brachial –> radial or ulnar
What are the branches off the anterior thoracic aorta?
bronchial oesophageal mediastinal pericardiac phrenic
What does the aorta finally bifurcate into?
external iliac (lower limbs) internal iliac (pelvis and perineum)
What are the various venous systems and their roles?
- systemic venous system: drains venous blood into superior or inferior vena cava
- hepatic portal venous system: drains venous blood from absorptive GI to liver for cleaning
Where do the lymphatic ducts drain?
- right lymphatic duct drains into the right venous angle
- much larger thoracic duct drains into the left venous angle