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Block C: Circulation > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the tip of the heart located?

A

At the junction of the midclavicular line and the 5th intercostal space

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2
Q

What are the divisions of the mediastinum?

A

Superior mediastinum
Middle mediastinum (pericardial cavity)
Posterior cavity
Anterior cavity

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3
Q

At which vertebral level can you find the pericardial cavity?

A

Between T4 and T5

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4
Q

Where in the mediastinum do you find the thymus?

A

On the anterior cavity

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5
Q

The arch of the aorta is divided in three parts. What are they?

A

Right brachiocephalic trunk
Left subclavian artery
Left common carotic artery

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6
Q

The superior vena cava divides in two veins. What are they?

A

Right subclavian vein

Right internal jugular vein

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7
Q

What is the oblique sinus?

A

A pocket beside the heart (you touched it!)

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8
Q

Behind the pulmonary trunk, there’s a space where you can pass four finger. What is it?

A

Transverse sinus

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9
Q

What divides the two ventricles from the atrium?

A

The coronary sinus

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10
Q

What divides the two ventricles?

A

The interventricular sulcus

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11
Q

The left coronary artery divides in what?

A

Anterior ventricular branch

Circumflex branch

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12
Q

The right coronary artery divides in what?

A

Posterior interventricular branch

Marginal branch

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13
Q

What is darker, veins or arteries?

A

Veins

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14
Q

Where is located the sino-atrial node?

A

On the right ventricle

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15
Q

Where does the sino-atrial nodal branch starts?

A

At the interventricular sulcus

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16
Q

The great, middle and small cardiac vein are connected together by what?

A

The coronary sinus

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17
Q

Sometimes, there are vessels starting at the aorta that allow the blood to bypass obstructed vessels. What are they called?

A

Grafts

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18
Q

What does stenosis mean?

A

Narrowing

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19
Q

Right atria receives blood from which vessels?

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

20
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

A thin membrane that closes the right ventricle to the left ventricle.

21
Q

The pectinated muscle of the heart ends where?

A

At the Crista terminalis

22
Q

What is the tricuspid valve?

A

The valve that transitions between the atrium and the ventricle

23
Q

What are the right ventricle tricuspid valve?

A

Septal cusp (also named medial cusp)
Posterior cusp
Anterior cusp

24
Q

Why do the papillary muscles pull on cusps?

A

To prevent prolapse when the ventricle contracts

25
Q

What are the pulmonary valves of the right ventricle?

A

Anterior cusp
Right cusp
Left cusp

26
Q

You see one papillary per cusp. In which ventricle are you?

A

Right ventricle

27
Q

Both papillary muscles pull on both cusps. In which ventricle are you?

A

Left ventricle

28
Q

What is called the left atrio-ventricular valve?

A

The mitral valve

29
Q

What is called the outer wall of the ventricle?

A

Traberculae Carnae

30
Q

There’s two nodes in the right atrium. What are they?

A

Sinoatrial node

Atrio-ventricular node

31
Q

The sinoatrial node and the atrio-ventricular node are connected by what?

A

The internodal bundle

32
Q

What is the Bundle of His?

A

Specialized heart muscle cells for electrical impulses, located at the interventricular walls of the right atrium

33
Q

The atrio-ventricular node is connected to the Bundle of His by what?

A

The Moderator Band

34
Q

The Moderator Band does what?

A

Activates anterior papillary muscles

35
Q

The Spinal cords T2 to T4 links to the cardiac plexus by…

A

Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
Middle cervical ganglion
Inferior cervical ganglion

36
Q

What are the cardiac nerves?

A

Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Middle cervical ganglion

37
Q

The vegus nerve links the cardiac plexus to what?

A

Medulla oblongata

38
Q

Normally, the esophagus is compressed by three things. What are they?

A

Larynx
End of trachea
Diaphragm

39
Q

Left vagus nerve will scoop under what?

A

Arch of the aorta

40
Q

Right vagus nerve will scoop under what?

A

Right brachio-cephalic trunk

41
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve do?

A

Innervate the voice box

42
Q

Inflammation of the right brachio-cephalic trunk and the aorta may lead to what?

A

Alter/suppress the voice (inflammation of those parts may compress on the recurrent laryngeal nerve that innervates the voice box)

43
Q

What are the sympathetic nerves that form the greater splanchnic nerve?

A

T5 to T9

44
Q

What are the sympathetic nerves that form the lesser splanchnic nerve?

A

T10 to T11

45
Q

Which autonomous nervous system goes through a ganglion? The somatic or visceral?

A

Visceral

46
Q

Pain from the heart is often mistaken to come from the inner skin of left arm, left shoulder and center of thorax because they are all innervate by which nerves?

A

T1 to T4

Block C: Circulation (10 decks)

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