Anatomy Flashcards
What type of structure is the urinary system
It is a retroperitoneal structure
Where do the left and right kidneys sit
Right kidney sits between T12/12th spine and L3
Left kidney sits between T11/11th spine and L2
What muscles do the kidneys sit on
Quadratus lumborum and psoas major
Describe the route of the ureters
Descend down the spine along the tips of the transverse processes
At sacroiliac joints, ureters cross the pelvic brim and enter the pelvic cavity
Once in pelvic cavity, ureters run down lateral pelvic wall and at level of ischial spines they turn anteromedially and move towards the bladder
What is number 1
Renal Papilla
What is number 2
Minor Calyxes
What is number 3
Renal medulla/renal pyramids
What are the calyxes
Calyxes are cus that catch urine produced by the collecting ducts - catch urine produced by renal pyramids
What are numbers 4 and 5
Arcuate vein and artery
What is number 9
Renal pelvis
What are numbers 6 and 7
Interlobular artery and vein
What is number 8
Ureter
What are numbers 10 and 11
Artwork branches of the renal artery and vein
What is number 12
Major calyxes
What is number 13
Fibrous capsule
What is number 14
Renal cortex
Describe the renal blood supply
Kidneys are supplied by left and right renal arteries
Kidneys are drained by left and right renal veins - left renal vein is longer as it crosses over the aorta
What veins drain into the left renal vein
Left adrenal vein
Left gonadal vein
Describe the route of ultra-filtrate through the nephron
Filtered at glomerulus -> enters PCT -> enters loop of Henle -> enters DCT -> enters collecting duct
Where are the parts of the nephron found, in relationship to the overall kidney structure
Glomerulus, PCT, DCT and proximal collecting tubule are found in the renal cortex
Loop of Henle and distal collecting tubule are found in renal medulla
What is the bladder and what is it formed of
The bladder is a expandable, muscular bag
It is formed of the detrusor muscle
What are the entrances and exits of the bladder - what do they form
Two internal ureteric entrances for ureters
One internal urethral meatus for urethra
Form the trigone
What is significant about the trigone
It is non-distensible
What pouches are found behind the bladder
Men - recto-vesical pouch
Women - vesico-uterine pouch
Where can the bladder be palpated
Above the symphysis pubis, but only when it is full as it moves upwards into the abdominal space when full
