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02- MSK > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the lower limb?

A
  • support body weight - locomotion - maintain balance
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2
Q

What are the four superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

gluteus maximus gluteus medias gluteus minimus tensor fascia latae

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3
Q

what movement of the thigh do the superficial muscles of the gluteal region give?

A

extension abduction medial rotation

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4
Q

how many branches of the gluteal nerve are there and what are they called?

A

2- inferior and superior gluteal

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5
Q

which branch of the gluteal nerve innervates which superficial muscle of the gluteal region?

A

superior- gluteus medius/minimus and tensor fascia lata inferior- gluteus maximus

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6
Q

damage to the superior gluteal nerve results in what?

A

Trendelenburg’s Gait

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7
Q

what are the four deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

piriformis obturator internus gemelli quadratus femoris

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8
Q

what movement of the thigh do the deep muscles of the gluteal region give?

A

lateral rotation and hip stabilisation

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9
Q

what nerves supply the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

nerves from the sacral plexus

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10
Q

through what structure do nerves enter/exit the pelvis and perineum?

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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11
Q

before the attachment of ligaments what are the foramen known as?

A

greater/lesser sciatic notch

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12
Q

which ligaments attach to form the sciatic foramen?

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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13
Q

which vertebral levels are associated with the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

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14
Q

what areas of the lower limb does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

posterior thigh all leg and foot muscles most of the skin via branches

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15
Q

what are the branches of the sciatic nerve called?

A

Tibial and common fibular

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16
Q

the sciatic nerve usually exist inferior to which deep muscle?

A

piriformis

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17
Q

which nerve is associated with the vertebral levels S1-S3?

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

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18
Q

what areas of the lower limb does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh innervate?

A

skin over posterior thigh popliteal fossa upper medial thigh

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19
Q

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

inguinal ligament

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20
Q

what forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

lateral border of adductor longus

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21
Q

what forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

medial border of sartorius

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22
Q

what forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

iliopsoas and pectineus

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23
Q

what forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

deep fascia- fascia lata

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24
Q

list the contents of the femoral triangle lateral to medial?

A

femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein lymphatics

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25
Q

muscle compartments are separated by the ________ _____

A

intermuscular septum

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26
Q

increased pressure caused by bleeding/ tissue swelling can lead to what?

A

compartment syndrome

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27
Q

what is the name of the procedure used to release pressure in compartment syndrome?

A

fasciotomy

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28
Q

what are the three compartments of the thigh?

A

anterior medial posterior

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29
Q

What muscles are contained within the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

iliopsoas

sartorius

qaudriceps femoris

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30
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the iliopsoas?

A

iliac fossa (iliacus)

lumbar transverse prosecces (psoas major)

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31
Q

what is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas?

A

lesser trochnanter of the femur

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32
Q

what is the proximal attachment of sartorius?

A

ASIS

33
Q

what is the distal attachment of sartorius?

A

medial surface of proximal tibia

34
Q

what are the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastusintermedius

vastus medius

35
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the muscles of the quadriceps femoris and which one is the exception?

A

Shaft of femur

Rectus femoris- ASIS

36
Q

what is the distal attachment of the quadriceps femoris muscles?

A

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

37
Q

what can be done to test the function of the qaudriceps?

A

Knee jerk test

38
Q

what muscles cause flexion of the thigh and what compartment are they in?

A

Anterior; pectineus iliopsoas Sartorius

39
Q

what muscles cause extension of the leg?

A

quadriceps femoris

40
Q

which nerves innervate the muscles found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

iliopsoas- anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves

sartorius and qauds- femoral nerve L2-4

41
Q

which muscles allow adduction of the thigh?

A

adductor longus

adductor brevis

adductor magnus

gracilis

obturator externus

42
Q

which nerve innervates the muscles found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve L2-4 (tibial nerve for hamstring part of adductor magnus)

43
Q

what muscles allow extension of the thigh and flexion of the leg? what compartment are they found in ?

A

semitendinosus semimebranosus bicep femoris posterior compartment of the thigh

44
Q

which nerve innervates the muscles found in the posterior compartment of the thigh? which muscle is an exception

A

tibial division o f the sciatic L5, S1, S2 - short head bicep femoris innervated by common fibular division

45
Q

the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg do what with regards to the ankle and toes?

A

dorsiflexors of ankle extensors of toes

46
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve L4-5

47
Q

the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg do what?

A

evert foot and weakly plantarflex ankle

48
Q

which muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg? which nerve innervates them?

A

fibularis longus fibularis brevis superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2

49
Q

the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are split in to what?

A

superficial and deep group

50
Q

the two groups of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg do what?

A

superficial- plantarfelxors of ankle deep- flexors of toes and plantarflexors of ankle

51
Q

which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

52
Q

what kind of joint is the hip joint?

A

ball and socket synovial joint

53
Q

what forms the ball and socket joint?

A

ball- head of femur socket- acetabulum of hip

54
Q

what are the components of a synovial joint?

A

within joint capsules external fibrous layer internal membranous layer

55
Q

which part of the joint capsule forms the ligaments on the hip?

A

thick part of fibrous layer of join capsule

56
Q

name the ligaments of the hip

A

iliofemoral pubofemoral ischiofemoral

57
Q

what is the name of the artery to the head of the femur?

A

branch of obturator

58
Q

which two arteries anastomose around the neck of the femur and which artery do they arise from?

A

medial and lateral circumflex arise from deep femoral artery

59
Q

how many articulations does the knee joint have?

A

3 2x femerotibial 1x femeropatellar

60
Q

name the extracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

lateral (fibular) collateral ligament medial (tibial) collateral ligament

61
Q

name the intra-articular ligaments of the knee

A

anterior cruciate (ACL) posterior cruciate (PCL)

62
Q

what ligaments in the knee are crescent shaped?

A

medial and lateral menisci

63
Q

which tendon gives rise to the ‘knee jerk’ reflex and where does it attach?

A

calcaneal tendon attaches to calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneous

64
Q

which type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

saddle joint

65
Q

the acromoclavicular joint is which type?

A

plane type

66
Q

which type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball and socket type

67
Q

the elbow joint is made up of which two joints?

A

humeroulnar joint

radiohumeral joint

68
Q

which type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

hinge type

69
Q

which type of joint is the radiohumeral joint?

A

limited ball and socket joint

70
Q

which ligament limits the radiohumeral joint?

A

annular ligament

71
Q

which type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

pivot type

72
Q

which type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

ellipsoid type

73
Q

which type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

pivot type

74
Q

during pronation of the forearm the ulna/radius moves over the ulna/raidus?

A

radius moves over the ulna

75
Q

what are the major axio-appendicular muscles?

A

trapezius

rhomboid minor/major

serratus anterior

76
Q

which nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

CN XI

77
Q

which nerve innervates the rhomboid minor/ major?

A

dorsal scapula nerve

78
Q

which nerve innervates serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

79
Q
A

02- MSK (7 decks)

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