Anatomy Flashcards
The muscles of masstication are innervated by what?
V3
How can you identify the masseter muscles?
- fibers run vertically
- runs lateral to the ramus of the mandible
- origin: zygomatic arch
- insertion: the lateral surface of the ramus
Which salivary gland sits at the angle of the mandible?
the parotid
The parotid gland receives parasympathetic input from where?
the glassopharyngeal
Name the branches of the facial nerve.
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
The facial artery is a branch of what?
the external carotid
The external carotid would be better named the ___ carotid.
anterior
The supraorbital nerve is ____ to the supratrochlear nerve.
lateral
The supraorbital nerve is a branch of what nerve?
V1
The infraorbital nerve is a branch of what nerve?
V2
V3 gives off what two branches within the pterygopalatine fossa?
lingual and inferior alveolar
The mental nerve is a continuation of what nerve?
the inferior alveolar branch of V3
What are the layers of the cranial bones called?
- outer table calvaria
- diploe calvaria
- inner table calvaria
Name the important meningeal folds.
- falx cerebri
- falx cerebelli
- cerebellar tentorium
The straight, superior sagittal, transverse, and occipital sinuses meet where?
at the confluence of sinuses
The middle meningeal artery is a branch from what?
the maxillary artery
The middle meningeal artery has what branches?
frontal and parietal
What travels through the optic canal?
the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
The ophthalmic vein runs through what hole in the back of the orbit?
the superior orbital fissure
What sort of fibers decussate at the optic chiasm?
fibers from nasal retinal ganglion cells
Damage to the optic chiasm will create what visual field defects?
bilateral loss of the temporal visual fields
What bone makes up the floor of the middle cranial fossa?
the sphenoid bone
What runs through the superior orbital fissure?
ophthalmic vein, CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN VI
What runs through the foramen rotundum?
V2
What runs through the foramen ovale?
V3
What sinus sits on either side of the sella turnica?
the cavernous sinus
What passes through the foramen lacerum?
the internal carotid
What passes through the foramen magnum?
vertebral arteries
Where is the hypoglossal nerve likely to be tagged?
just under the chin and headed back to the base of the tongue
Where is the glossalpharyngeal nerve likely to be tagged?
near the back of the hard palate
What passes through the jugular foramen?
- internal jugular
- CN IX, X, XI
What passes through the internal auditory meatus?
CN VII, VIII
The branches of the trigeminal exit through what foramen?
Standing (superior orbital fissure)
Room (rotundum)
Only (ovale)
What passes through the foramen spinosum?
the middle meningeal artery
The lacrimal gland receives parasympathetic input from where?
CN VII
Which CNs have a parasympathetic component?
III, VII, IX, X
The supraorbital nerve is a branch from what?
the frontal nerve (V1)
The supratrochlear nerve is a branch from what?
the frontal nerve (V1)
The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries are branches form what?
the ophthalmic artery
Levator palpebrae superioris is innervated by what?
CN III
Where can the trochlear nerve be found in the orbit?
lateral and inferior to the lateral rectus
What does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius
The spinal accessory nerve originates from what vertebral levels?
C1-C5
What structures are contained within the carotid sheath?
- common carotid artery
- vagus nerve
- internal jugular vein
The facial vein drains into what?
the internal jugular vein
The external jugular vein has what important association with other neck structures?
it crosses the outside of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Where can the greater auricular nerve be found?
running behind the sternocleidomastoid from Erb’s point
The greater auricular nerve serves what?
the skin posterior and inferior to the ear
The greater auricular nerve is from what vertebral levels?
C2, C3
Describe the innervation of the digastric muscle.
- anterior belly: V3
- posterior belly: VII
What is the function of the digastric muscle?
open the jaw
The vertebral artery is a branch from what?
the subclavian artery
The superior thyroid arteries are a branch of what?
the external carotid
The first branch off the external carotid artery is the what?
superior thyroid artery
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of what?
the vagus nerve
The recurrent laryngeal branches from the vagus at what vertebral levels?
T1 on the right, T4 on the left
The thyrocervical trunk is a branch of what artery?
the subclavian
What two important arteries branch from the subclavian artery?
- vertebral
- thyrocervical
What three nerves run anterior to the anterior scalene muscle?
- phrenic
- vagus
- sympathetic cervical chain ganglia
Which muscle runs vertically and inserts on the medial side of the mandible?
the medial pterygoid
What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
- origin: great wing of sphenoid
- insertion: mandibular condyle
The chorda tympani joins what other nerve?
the lingual branch of V3
What is the chorda tympani?
branch of the facial nerve responsible for taste sensation in the anterior tongue
Describe the course of the phrenic nerve.
out of the neck between the middle and anterior scalenes, then across the anterior scalene to enter the thorax behind the first rib
What nerves should you be on the look out for in the neck?
- vagus (in sheath)
- greater auricular (up in front of the sternocleidomastoid)
- phrenic (down in front of anterior scalene)
- accessory (below sternocleidomastoid to the back)
- sympathetic trunk (almond sized, in association with internal carotid)
The atlas articulates with what part of the axis?
the dens of the axis
What do we call the back of the atlas bone?
the posterior arch
What marks the inferior edge of the nasopharynx?
the soft palate
What marks the inferior edge of the oropharynx?
the epiglottis
Below the epiglottis, the pharynx is termed what?
the laryngopharynx
The tube that connects the nasopharynx to the ears is called what?
the eustachian tube
Where is the eustachian tube?
the back of the nasopharynx
Name the important tonsils.
- pharyngeal
- lingual
- palatine
Where are the pharyngeal tonsils?
the very back of the nasopharynx
Where are the palatine tonsils?
on the lateral sides of the mouth
Where are the lingual tonsils?
on the very back of the tongue
The nasal cavity is divided by what structure?
the septal cartilage
What nervous system tissue is in association with the internal carotid?
the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
The nasal meatuses are formed by what overhanging structure?
the superior, middle, and inferior concha
Within the middle meatus are what structures?
- frontal sinus ostium
- maxillary ostium
- ethmoid billa
The tongue is divided anterior and posterior by what structures?
vallate papillae
What are the two parts of the tongue?
oral and pharyngeal
Lingual tonsils are located on what part of the tongue?
the pharyngeal portion
The bottom of the tongue is connected to the base of the oral cavity by what structure?
the frenulum of the tongue
Which salivary gland opens up under the tongue?
the submandibular
Name the two important cartilagenous structures in the throat.
- thyroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
Which is more superior, cricoid or thyroid cartilage?
thyroid
What muscle is located on the anterior side of the larynx?
cricothyroid muscle
What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?
increase tension on the true vocal cords
The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by what?
the vagus nerve
Where does the sphenoid sinus drain?
into the sphenoid ethmoid recess above the superior concha
Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue.
anterior - general: V3 - taste: VII (chorda tympani) posterior - general/taste: glassopharyngeal
Important tongue muscle
genioglossus
Name the CNs that have a parasympathetic component.
- III
- VII
- IX
- X
CN III parasympathetics pass synapse in the ___ ganglion and are responsible for ___.
- ciliary ganglion
- accomodation of the eye
CN VII parasympathetics pass synapse in the ___ ganglion and are responsible for ___.
- pterygopalatine for lacrimation
- submandibular for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
CN IX parasympathetics pass synapse in the ___ ganglion and are responsible for ___.
- otic
- parotid salivary ganglion
Where are the true vocal cords in relationship to the false vocal cords?
inferior
The space between the true and false vocal cords is called what?
the ventricle
What is the cingulate sulcus?
the dorsal boundary of the cingulate gyrus
The bend of the corpus callosum at its caudal pole is called what?
the genu
The bend of the corpus callosum at the rostral pole is called what?
the splenium
The hypothalamus is where in relationship to the thalamus?
ventral and rostral
Where are the mamillary bodies?
on the ventral surface of the brain
Where are the cerebral peduncles?
on either side of the mamillary bodies
The superior and inferior colliculi are on which surface of the midbrain?
the dorsal
