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Neuro > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The muscles of masstication are innervated by what?

A

V3

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2
Q

How can you identify the masseter muscles?

A
  • fibers run vertically
  • runs lateral to the ramus of the mandible
  • origin: zygomatic arch
  • insertion: the lateral surface of the ramus
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3
Q

Which salivary gland sits at the angle of the mandible?

A

the parotid

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4
Q

The parotid gland receives parasympathetic input from where?

A

the glassopharyngeal

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5
Q

Name the branches of the facial nerve.

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • mandibular
  • cervical
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6
Q

The facial artery is a branch of what?

A

the external carotid

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7
Q

The external carotid would be better named the ___ carotid.

A

anterior

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8
Q

The supraorbital nerve is ____ to the supratrochlear nerve.

A

lateral

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9
Q

The supraorbital nerve is a branch of what nerve?

A

V1

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10
Q

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of what nerve?

A

V2

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11
Q

V3 gives off what two branches within the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

lingual and inferior alveolar

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12
Q

The mental nerve is a continuation of what nerve?

A

the inferior alveolar branch of V3

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13
Q

What are the layers of the cranial bones called?

A
  • outer table calvaria
  • diploe calvaria
  • inner table calvaria
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14
Q

Name the important meningeal folds.

A
  • falx cerebri
  • falx cerebelli
  • cerebellar tentorium
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15
Q

The straight, superior sagittal, transverse, and occipital sinuses meet where?

A

at the confluence of sinuses

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16
Q

The middle meningeal artery is a branch from what?

A

the maxillary artery

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17
Q

The middle meningeal artery has what branches?

A

frontal and parietal

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18
Q

What travels through the optic canal?

A

the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

The ophthalmic vein runs through what hole in the back of the orbit?

A

the superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

What sort of fibers decussate at the optic chiasm?

A

fibers from nasal retinal ganglion cells

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21
Q

Damage to the optic chiasm will create what visual field defects?

A

bilateral loss of the temporal visual fields

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22
Q

What bone makes up the floor of the middle cranial fossa?

A

the sphenoid bone

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23
Q

What runs through the superior orbital fissure?

A

ophthalmic vein, CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN VI

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24
Q

What runs through the foramen rotundum?

A

V2

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25
Q

What runs through the foramen ovale?

A

V3

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26
Q

What sinus sits on either side of the sella turnica?

A

the cavernous sinus

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27
Q

What passes through the foramen lacerum?

A

the internal carotid

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28
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

vertebral arteries

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29
Q

Where is the hypoglossal nerve likely to be tagged?

A

just under the chin and headed back to the base of the tongue

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30
Q

Where is the glossalpharyngeal nerve likely to be tagged?

A

near the back of the hard palate

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31
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A
  • internal jugular

- CN IX, X, XI

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32
Q

What passes through the internal auditory meatus?

A

CN VII, VIII

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33
Q

The branches of the trigeminal exit through what foramen?

A

Standing (superior orbital fissure)
Room (rotundum)
Only (ovale)

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34
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

the middle meningeal artery

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35
Q

The lacrimal gland receives parasympathetic input from where?

A

CN VII

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36
Q

Which CNs have a parasympathetic component?

A

III, VII, IX, X

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37
Q

The supraorbital nerve is a branch from what?

A

the frontal nerve (V1)

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38
Q

The supratrochlear nerve is a branch from what?

A

the frontal nerve (V1)

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39
Q

The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries are branches form what?

A

the ophthalmic artery

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40
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris is innervated by what?

A

CN III

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41
Q

Where can the trochlear nerve be found in the orbit?

A

lateral and inferior to the lateral rectus

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42
Q

What does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid

- trapezius

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43
Q

The spinal accessory nerve originates from what vertebral levels?

A

C1-C5

44
Q

What structures are contained within the carotid sheath?

A
  • common carotid artery
  • vagus nerve
  • internal jugular vein
45
Q

The facial vein drains into what?

A

the internal jugular vein

46
Q

The external jugular vein has what important association with other neck structures?

A

it crosses the outside of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

47
Q

Where can the greater auricular nerve be found?

A

running behind the sternocleidomastoid from Erb’s point

48
Q

The greater auricular nerve serves what?

A

the skin posterior and inferior to the ear

49
Q

The greater auricular nerve is from what vertebral levels?

A

C2, C3

50
Q

Describe the innervation of the digastric muscle.

A
  • anterior belly: V3

- posterior belly: VII

51
Q

What is the function of the digastric muscle?

A

open the jaw

52
Q

The vertebral artery is a branch from what?

A

the subclavian artery

53
Q

The superior thyroid arteries are a branch of what?

A

the external carotid

54
Q

The first branch off the external carotid artery is the what?

A

superior thyroid artery

55
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of what?

A

the vagus nerve

56
Q

The recurrent laryngeal branches from the vagus at what vertebral levels?

A

T1 on the right, T4 on the left

57
Q

The thyrocervical trunk is a branch of what artery?

A

the subclavian

58
Q

What two important arteries branch from the subclavian artery?

A
  • vertebral

- thyrocervical

59
Q

What three nerves run anterior to the anterior scalene muscle?

A
  • phrenic
  • vagus
  • sympathetic cervical chain ganglia
60
Q

Which muscle runs vertically and inserts on the medial side of the mandible?

A

the medial pterygoid

61
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A
  • origin: great wing of sphenoid

- insertion: mandibular condyle

62
Q

The chorda tympani joins what other nerve?

A

the lingual branch of V3

63
Q

What is the chorda tympani?

A

branch of the facial nerve responsible for taste sensation in the anterior tongue

64
Q

Describe the course of the phrenic nerve.

A

out of the neck between the middle and anterior scalenes, then across the anterior scalene to enter the thorax behind the first rib

65
Q

What nerves should you be on the look out for in the neck?

A
  • vagus (in sheath)
  • greater auricular (up in front of the sternocleidomastoid)
  • phrenic (down in front of anterior scalene)
  • accessory (below sternocleidomastoid to the back)
  • sympathetic trunk (almond sized, in association with internal carotid)
66
Q

The atlas articulates with what part of the axis?

A

the dens of the axis

67
Q

What do we call the back of the atlas bone?

A

the posterior arch

68
Q

What marks the inferior edge of the nasopharynx?

A

the soft palate

69
Q

What marks the inferior edge of the oropharynx?

A

the epiglottis

70
Q

Below the epiglottis, the pharynx is termed what?

A

the laryngopharynx

71
Q

The tube that connects the nasopharynx to the ears is called what?

A

the eustachian tube

72
Q

Where is the eustachian tube?

A

the back of the nasopharynx

73
Q

Name the important tonsils.

A
  • pharyngeal
  • lingual
  • palatine
74
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils?

A

the very back of the nasopharynx

75
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils?

A

on the lateral sides of the mouth

76
Q

Where are the lingual tonsils?

A

on the very back of the tongue

77
Q

The nasal cavity is divided by what structure?

A

the septal cartilage

78
Q

What nervous system tissue is in association with the internal carotid?

A

the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

79
Q

The nasal meatuses are formed by what overhanging structure?

A

the superior, middle, and inferior concha

80
Q

Within the middle meatus are what structures?

A
  • frontal sinus ostium
  • maxillary ostium
  • ethmoid billa
81
Q

The tongue is divided anterior and posterior by what structures?

A

vallate papillae

82
Q

What are the two parts of the tongue?

A

oral and pharyngeal

83
Q

Lingual tonsils are located on what part of the tongue?

A

the pharyngeal portion

84
Q

The bottom of the tongue is connected to the base of the oral cavity by what structure?

A

the frenulum of the tongue

85
Q

Which salivary gland opens up under the tongue?

A

the submandibular

86
Q

Name the two important cartilagenous structures in the throat.

A
  • thyroid cartilage

- cricoid cartilage

87
Q

Which is more superior, cricoid or thyroid cartilage?

A

thyroid

88
Q

What muscle is located on the anterior side of the larynx?

A

cricothyroid muscle

89
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

increase tension on the true vocal cords

90
Q

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by what?

A

the vagus nerve

91
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain?

A

into the sphenoid ethmoid recess above the superior concha

92
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue.

A 
anterior
- general: V3
- taste: VII (chorda tympani)
posterior
- general/taste: glassopharyngeal
93
Q

Important tongue muscle

A

genioglossus

94
Q

Name the CNs that have a parasympathetic component.

A
  • III
  • VII
  • IX
  • X
95
Q

CN III parasympathetics pass synapse in the ___ ganglion and are responsible for ___.

A
  • ciliary ganglion

- accomodation of the eye

96
Q

CN VII parasympathetics pass synapse in the ___ ganglion and are responsible for ___.

A
  • pterygopalatine for lacrimation

- submandibular for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

97
Q

CN IX parasympathetics pass synapse in the ___ ganglion and are responsible for ___.

A
  • otic

- parotid salivary ganglion

98
Q

Where are the true vocal cords in relationship to the false vocal cords?

A

inferior

99
Q

The space between the true and false vocal cords is called what?

A

the ventricle

100
Q

What is the cingulate sulcus?

A

the dorsal boundary of the cingulate gyrus

101
Q

The bend of the corpus callosum at its caudal pole is called what?

A

the genu

102
Q

The bend of the corpus callosum at the rostral pole is called what?

A

the splenium

103
Q

The hypothalamus is where in relationship to the thalamus?

A

ventral and rostral

104
Q

Where are the mamillary bodies?

A

on the ventral surface of the brain

105
Q

Where are the cerebral peduncles?

A

on either side of the mamillary bodies

106
Q

The superior and inferior colliculi are on which surface of the midbrain?

A

the dorsal

Neuro (7 decks)

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