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A&P Ch1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structures and physical relationship between body parts.

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2
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Large structures seen with the naked eye

  • surface anatomy
  • regional anatomy
  • systemic anatomy
  • developmental anatomy
  • clinical anatomy
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3
Q

Surface anatomy

A

General forms and markings

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Areas of specific regions

Example:head, trunk etc.

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5
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Regards specific organ systems

Example: nervous,endocrine etc

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6
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Embryological development of body parts

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7
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

From perspective of medical subspecialty

Ex: radiographic, surgical etc

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8
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Structures seen only with magnification

Ex: cytology, histology

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9
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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10
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue

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11
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Facing forward with sole of feet down and palms forwards

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12
Q

Anatomical sections

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse

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13
Q

Sagittal sections

A

Vertically divides body into left and right halves

Mid-sagittal
Para-sagittal

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14
Q

Mid-sagittal

A

Divided in equal halves

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15
Q

Para-sagittal

A

Divided unequally

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16
Q

Coronal (frontal) sections

A

Vertically divides the body into anterior/Ventral and posterior/dorsal

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17
Q

Transverse (cross-sectional)

A

Horizontally divides into superior/cranial and inferior/caudal

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18
Q

Body cavities

A

Dorsal body cavity

Ventral body cavity

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19
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Lined with meninges

Cranial cavity: houses brain and brainstem

Spinal cavity: houses the spinal cord

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20
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Contains viscera lined with serosal membranes to avoid adhesion

Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity

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21
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

In torso and superior to diaphragm

Left & right pleura houses lungs which are encased in pleural membrane

Mediastinum between pleura & houses heart in pericardial sac

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22
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Region of torso below the diaphragm

Quadrants-vertical from midline and horizontal from umbilicus

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23
Q

Quadrants

A

Right upper- houses liver and gallbladder

Left upper- stomach, spleen, and pancreas

Right lower- houses appendix

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24
Q

Abdominopelvic region

A

Midclavicular and angle ribs no top of ilium

Right & left hypochondriac
Epigastric 
Right & left lumbar
Umbilicus
Right & left iliac 
Pubic
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25
Q

General regional devision

A

Abdominal region-above pelvic bones

Perotoneal membrane-serosal membrane encasing viscera

Retroperitoneal viscera-viscera are behind peritoneum,anchored w/Ct

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26
Q

Pelvic region

A

Within the bones of the pelvic cavity

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27
Q

Physiology

A

Study of organisms perform vital functions

28
Q

Cell physiology

A

Study of chemical reactions in a cell

29
Q

Special physiology

A

Study of specific organs

30
Q

Systematic physiology

A

Study of specific organ systems

31
Q

Pathological physiology

A

Study of the effects of disease on cells/organs/organ systems

32
Q

Diagnosis

A

Distinguishes anatomical and physiological aberrations for any given disease

33
Q

Signs

A

Subjective complaints noted by the subject

Ex: headache, tired, chills

Patient

34
Q

Symptoms

A

Objective findings from testing the subject

Ex. Blood, temperature, x-rays

Doctor

35
Q

Levels of organization

A 
Chemical 
Cellular level 
Tissue level 
Organ level 
Organ system level 
Organism
36
Q

Chemical (molecular)

A

Atoms are smallest unit if matter

37
Q

Cellular level

A

Cells are the smallest living units

(cells composed of organelles)

38
Q

Tissue level

A

Groups of cells work together to perform a limited function

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

39
Q

Organ level

A

Combination of tissue to perform several functions

40
Q

Organ system level

A

How organs interact to perform complex task for organism

Integumentary 
Skeletal 
Muscular 
Nervous 
Endocrine 
Cardiovascular 
Lymphatic 
Respiratory 
Digestive 
Urinary 
Reproductive
41
Q

Integumentary system

A
  • Protection
  • Heat regulation
  • Sensory input
42
Q

Skeletal system

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Mineral storage
  • Hematopoiesis
43
Q

Muscular system

A
  • Locomotion
  • Generates heat
  • Protects
  • Support organs
44
Q

Nervous system

A

Maintains homeostasis by quickly responding to stimuli (change)

45
Q

Endocrine system

A

Slow, long term effect on homeostasis and maturation

46
Q

Cardiovascular system

A
  • Distributes nutrients
  • Gases
  • Hormones
  • Heat
47
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Defends against infection returns fluid to circulatory system

48
Q

Respiratory system

A
  • Provides oxygen

* Removes carbon dioxide from blood

49
Q

Digestive system

A

Digests food to absorb nutrients, minerals and water

50
Q

Urinary system

A

Filters blood to remove wastes and maintain homeostasis of plasma

51
Q

Reproductive system

A

To perpetuate the specific

52
Q

Organism

A

Organ systems work in concert to maintain life, health and reproduction

53
Q

Life process

A

Distinguishes that which is living from which is not living

Metabolism 
Responsiveness 
Movement 
Growth 
Differentiation 
Reproduction
54
Q

Metabolism

A

Ability to carry out chemical reactions and create energy

55
Q

Responsiveness

A

Detect and respond to environmental changes (adaption)

56
Q

Movement

A

At cellular, organ, organ system and or organism level

57
Q

Growth

A

Cells increase in number and size

58
Q

Differentiations

A

Cells specialize in their function

59
Q

Reproduction

A

For perpetuation of species

60
Q

Homeostasis

A

Ability to maintain a relatively constant environment despite fluctuations externally

61
Q

General feedback system

A

Responds to environment changes

Receptor which senses the change (stimulus) in environment

Control center receives information from stimulus and integrates proper response

Effector responds to the commands from the control center

62
Q

Negative feedback system

A

The effector negates the stimulus explains homeostasis

63
Q

Positive feedback system

A

The effector increases the stimulus continues until process ends

Parturition with stretch of cervix during delivery and release of oxytocin

64
Q

Autoregulation

A

Refers to ability of cell/tissue/organ to maintain homeostasis on its own

65
Q

Extrinsic regulation

A

In which homeostasis is directed by the nervous or endocrine systems

A&P Ch1 (5 decks)

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