Anatomy

Question 1

Macular anatomy

Answer 1

4 mm temporal and 0.8 mm inf

Foveal 1.5 mm in diameter

Does not differentiate until 4-6 months

Question 2

PVD

Answer 2

10-15% with retinal tears

7.5% hemorrhagic with 70% risk of retinal tear

Question 3

Commotio retinae

Answer 3

Whitening of deep sensory retina likelybphotoreceptor outer segments
Can get traumatic Mac hole

Question 4

Choroidal rupture

Answer 4

Direct or indirect trauma
Crescent shaped

Late: CNV
Scar
RPE hyperplasia at margin

Question 5

Retinal sclopetaria

Answer 5

Trauma causing retina and choroidal trauma from high velocity projectile
Hemorrhage and Commotio
Heals with white fibrous scar and RPE changes

Question 6

Traumatic retinal tear

Answer 6

Horseshoe tear
Retinal dialysis
Operculated tear
Macular hole

Question 7

Purtscher retinopathy

Answer 7

Secondary to head trauma or compressive injury
Have retinal whitening, hemorrhages, CWS

Ddx: pancreatitis, fat emboli, lupus, leukemia, amniotic Fluid emboli dermatomyositis

Question 8

Embryonic origins of RPE and neurosensory retina

Answer 8

Neuroectoderm

Question 9

Embryonic origins:
Neural crest

Surface ectoderm

Neuroectoderm

Mesoderm

Answer 9

NC: K stroma, K endothelium, iris stroma, sclera

Surface ecto: K epi and lacrimal

Neuroectoderm: Iris pig epi and nonpig epi, iris spincter, iris dilator, RPE, neurosensory retina

EOM and temporal sclera.