Anatomy Flashcards
epicardium =
visceral serous pericardium
where is needle for a pericardiocentesis placed
infrasternal/subcostal angle
transverse pericardial sinus =
posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk
used to isolate great vessels to start cardiopulmonary bypass
Right border of the heart =
right atrium
Left border of the heart =
left ventricle
base/posterior of heart =
mainly L atrium
diaphragmatic surface of the heart =
R ventricle
coronary groove/sulcus=
boundary of R atrium and ventricle - contains RCA
Anterior interventricular groove contains
LAD
Posterior interventricular groove contains
post. interventricular vein
Lies in the posterior atrioventricular groove and drains cardiac veins to RIGHT atrium
coronary sinus
L mainstem artery lies in ____
branches =
L atrioventricular groove
circumflex
marginal
LAD->lateral/diagonal branch
RCA lies in ___
branches =
R atrioventricular groove
R marginal
Posterior interventricular
pulmonary valve =
anterior, left and right
semilunar
aortic valve =
posterior, left and right cusps
semilunar
coronary arteries lie just superior
tricuspid valve =
anterior, posterior and septal cusps
moderator band/septomarginal trabecula =
muscle in RV carries part of RBB to anterior papillary muscle - facilitates conduction and allows coordinated papillary contraction so valves shut
Carries conduction from R -> L atrium
Bachmann’s bundle
__ internodal tracts carry signal from SAN to AVN =
3 - anterior, middle (of Wenchenbach), posterior (of Thorel)
Symp, Para and visceral afferents reach heart via ___
cardiac plexus behind the aortic arch
Post-synaptic nt in sympathetic system
noradrenaline
Parasympathetic flow to the heart =
CNX
Nerve endings for stretch and chemicals in blood are located at:
inner aortic arch PT around SAN ventricles papillary muscles vena cava
Pain sensations from different soma reach consciousness at different points on the ____
band of post central gyrus of parietal lobe
(after central sulcus between frontal and parietal lobes
Area in brain that generates AP to start contraction of somatic skeletal muscle =
precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
visceral pain passes to the ____ and then to ____
this is why visceral pain is poorly localised
thalamus and hypothalamus
diffuse cortedx areas
Most common sights of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries
LAD (40-50%)
prox RCA (30-40%)
L circumflex (15-20%)
L mainstem
These arteries are treated in a triple bypass
LAD
prox RCA
L circumflex
Vessels used for a CABG graft
great saphenous vein
radial artery
internal thoracic artery
anastamosed to asc. aorta and distal to infarct
SAN is supplied by ___ in 60% of pop
RCA
AVN is supplied by ___ in 80% of pop
posterior interventricular
IV septum is supplied by both
posterior interventricular and LAD
supply bundle branches
tip of superior mediastinum = the ____
bound by ___, ___ and ___
thoracic inlet
ribs 1, T1 vertebrae, jugular notch
superior and inferior mediastinum are split at the ____ at ___ level
transverse thoracic plane
T4-5/sternal angle
In the anterior mediastinum there lies the ___
thymus
The middle mediastinum contains ___
pericardium, heart, proximal parts of great vessels
The posterior mediastinum contains ____
thoracic duct, symp chain, azygous vein, thoracic aorta, oesophagus, bronchi, vagus nerves
azygous vein lies ___ + ___ to the oeso
Crosses over/under superior root of the ___ lung
lateral(right) posterior
right
venous angle = ___ + ___ veins meet
subclavian and internal jugular veins
L venous angle is where ____ duct drains
L = thoracic duct
R venous angle is where ____ duct drains
R = R lymphatic duct
lymph nodes located at the the main bronchi at the lung root =
bronchopulmonary
lymph nodes located at the bifurcation of the trachea =
tracheo-bronchial
Thoracic duct starts at the bulbous _____ behind the abdominal aorta at ___ level
___ lung nodes drain to it
cisterna chyli
L1-2
Left
3 Nerves in the mediastinum lateral to medial
Phrenic>vagus>recurrent laryngeal
___ nerve passses posterior to the root of the lung
___ nerve passes anterior to root of lung
Vagus = posterior Phrenic = anterior
Anterior branches of abdominal aorta sup > inf
bronchial oesophageal mediastinal pericardial phrenic
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under the ___
R subclavian artery
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under the ___
ligamentum arteriosum
Phrenic nerve supply somatic motor to ___
and somatic sensory to ___
motor = diaphragm sensory = diaphragmatic parietal pleura and peritoneum, mediastinal parietal pleura, fibrous pericardium
Vagus nerves travel ___ to trachea > pass onto ___ > pass ___ to root of lung > ___ and then pass through diaphragm
lateral to trachea
onto oesophagus
posterior to root of lung
plexus
vagus somatic sensory to ___
somatic motor to ___
only contains ____ for thoracic and abdo. organs
sens = palate, laryngopharynx and larynx
motor = pharynx and larynx
BOTH above = recurrent laryngeal branch
parasympathetic
Common carotid bifurcates anterior to ____ muscle at level of ___
sternocleidomastoid
superior border of thyroid cartilage (C4)
thyroid cartilage lies at ___ vertebral level
C4-C5
brachial artery pulse is palpated :
medial to biceps brachii in cubital fossa
radial artery pulse is palpated:
lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis
artery used for cannulation of arterial bp/ABGs
radial artery
femoral pulse is palpated:
inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament
Posterior tibial pulse is palpated:
between posterior border of medial malleolus + achilles tendon
dorsalis pedis pulse is palpated:
medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longus
Cardiac pacing wire is placed into:
subclavian artery
Central line is inserted into:
internal jugular vein/femoral vein
