Anatomy

Question 1

epicardium =

Answer 1

visceral serous pericardium

Question 2

where is needle for a pericardiocentesis placed

Answer 2

infrasternal/subcostal angle

Question 3

transverse pericardial sinus =

Answer 3

posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk

used to isolate great vessels to start cardiopulmonary bypass

Question 4

Right border of the heart =

Answer 4

right atrium

Question 5

Left border of the heart =

Answer 5

left ventricle

Question 6

base/posterior of heart =

Answer 6

mainly L atrium

Question 7

diaphragmatic surface of the heart =

Answer 7

R ventricle

Question 8

coronary groove/sulcus=

Answer 8

boundary of R atrium and ventricle - contains RCA

Question 9

Anterior interventricular groove contains

Answer 9

LAD

Question 10

Posterior interventricular groove contains

Answer 10

post. interventricular vein

Question 11

Lies in the posterior atrioventricular groove and drains cardiac veins to RIGHT atrium

Answer 11

coronary sinus

Question 12

L mainstem artery lies in ____

branches =

Answer 12

L atrioventricular groove
circumflex
marginal
LAD->lateral/diagonal branch

Question 13

RCA lies in ___

branches =

Answer 13

R atrioventricular groove
R marginal
Posterior interventricular

Question 14

pulmonary valve =

Answer 14

anterior, left and right

semilunar

Question 15

aortic valve =

Answer 15

posterior, left and right cusps
semilunar
coronary arteries lie just superior

Question 16

tricuspid valve =

Answer 16

anterior, posterior and septal cusps

Question 17

moderator band/septomarginal trabecula =

Answer 17

muscle in RV carries part of RBB to anterior papillary muscle - facilitates conduction and allows coordinated papillary contraction so valves shut

Question 18

Carries conduction from R -> L atrium

Answer 18

Bachmann’s bundle

Question 19

__ internodal tracts carry signal from SAN to AVN =

Answer 19

3 - anterior, middle (of Wenchenbach), posterior (of Thorel)

Question 20

Symp, Para and visceral afferents reach heart via ___

Answer 20

cardiac plexus behind the aortic arch

Question 21

Post-synaptic nt in sympathetic system

Answer 21

noradrenaline

Question 22

Parasympathetic flow to the heart =

Answer 22

CNX

Question 23

Nerve endings for stretch and chemicals in blood are located at:

Answer 23

inner aortic arch
PT
around SAN
ventricles
papillary muscles
vena cava

Question 24

Pain sensations from different soma reach consciousness at different points on the ____

Answer 24

band of post central gyrus of parietal lobe

(after central sulcus between frontal and parietal lobes

Question 25

Area in brain that generates AP to start contraction of somatic skeletal muscle =

Answer 25

precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

Question 26

visceral pain passes to the ____ and then to ____ | this is why visceral pain is poorly localised

Answer 26

thalamus and hypothalamus | diffuse cortedx areas

Question 27

Most common sights of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries

Answer 27

LAD (40-50%) prox RCA (30-40%) L circumflex (15-20%) L mainstem

Question 28

These arteries are treated in a triple bypass

Answer 28

LAD prox RCA L circumflex

Question 29

Vessels used for a CABG graft

Answer 29

great saphenous vein radial artery internal thoracic artery anastamosed to asc. aorta and distal to infarct

Question 30

SAN is supplied by ___ in 60% of pop

Answer 30

RCA

Question 31

AVN is supplied by ___ in 80% of pop

Answer 31

posterior interventricular

Question 32

IV septum is supplied by both

Answer 32

posterior interventricular and LAD | supply bundle branches

Question 33

tip of superior mediastinum = the ____ | bound by ___, ___ and ___

Answer 33

thoracic inlet | ribs 1, T1 vertebrae, jugular notch

Question 34

superior and inferior mediastinum are split at the ____ at ___ level

Answer 34

transverse thoracic plane | T4-5/sternal angle

Question 35

In the anterior mediastinum there lies the ___

Answer 35

thymus

Question 36

The middle mediastinum contains ___

Answer 36

pericardium, heart, proximal parts of great vessels

Question 37

The posterior mediastinum contains ____

Answer 37

thoracic duct, symp chain, azygous vein, thoracic aorta, oesophagus, bronchi, vagus nerves

Question 38

azygous vein lies ___ + ___ to the oeso | Crosses over/under superior root of the ___ lung

Answer 38

lateral(right) posterior | right

Question 39

venous angle = ___ + ___ veins meet

Answer 39

subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 40

L venous angle is where ____ duct drains

Answer 40

L = thoracic duct

Question 41

R venous angle is where ____ duct drains

Answer 41

R = R lymphatic duct

Question 42

lymph nodes located at the the main bronchi at the lung root =

Answer 42

bronchopulmonary

Question 43

lymph nodes located at the bifurcation of the trachea =

Answer 43

tracheo-bronchial

Question 44

Thoracic duct starts at the bulbous _____ behind the abdominal aorta at ___ level ___ lung nodes drain to it

Answer 44

cisterna chyli L1-2 Left

Question 45

3 Nerves in the mediastinum lateral to medial

Answer 45

Phrenic>vagus>recurrent laryngeal

Question 46

___ nerve passses posterior to the root of the lung | ___ nerve passes anterior to root of lung

Answer 46

``` Vagus = posterior Phrenic = anterior ```

Question 47

Anterior branches of abdominal aorta sup > inf

Answer 47

``` bronchial oesophageal mediastinal pericardial phrenic ```

Question 48

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under the ___

Answer 48

R subclavian artery

Question 49

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under the ___

Answer 49

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 50

Phrenic nerve supply somatic motor to ___ | and somatic sensory to ___

Answer 50

``` motor = diaphragm sensory = diaphragmatic parietal pleura and peritoneum, mediastinal parietal pleura, fibrous pericardium ```

Question 51

Vagus nerves travel ___ to trachea > pass onto ___ > pass ___ to root of lung > ___ and then pass through diaphragm

Answer 51

lateral to trachea onto oesophagus posterior to root of lung plexus

Question 52

vagus somatic sensory to ___ somatic motor to ___ only contains ____ for thoracic and abdo. organs

Answer 52

sens = palate, laryngopharynx and larynx motor = pharynx and larynx BOTH above = recurrent laryngeal branch parasympathetic

Question 53

Common carotid bifurcates anterior to ____ muscle at level of ___

Answer 53

sternocleidomastoid | superior border of thyroid cartilage (C4)

Question 54

thyroid cartilage lies at ___ vertebral level

Answer 54

C4-C5

Question 55

brachial artery pulse is palpated :

Answer 55

medial to biceps brachii in cubital fossa

Question 56

radial artery pulse is palpated:

Answer 56

lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Question 57

artery used for cannulation of arterial bp/ABGs

Answer 57

radial artery

Question 58

femoral pulse is palpated:

Answer 58

inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament

Question 59

Posterior tibial pulse is palpated:

Answer 59

between posterior border of medial malleolus + achilles tendon

Question 60

dorsalis pedis pulse is palpated:

Answer 60

medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longus

Question 61

Cardiac pacing wire is placed into:

Answer 61

subclavian artery

Question 62

Central line is inserted into:

Answer 62

internal jugular vein/femoral vein