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JazCardio > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

epicardium =

A

visceral serous pericardium

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2
Q

where is needle for a pericardiocentesis placed

A

infrasternal/subcostal angle

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3
Q

transverse pericardial sinus =

A

posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk

used to isolate great vessels to start cardiopulmonary bypass

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4
Q

Right border of the heart =

A

right atrium

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5
Q

Left border of the heart =

A

left ventricle

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6
Q

base/posterior of heart =

A

mainly L atrium

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7
Q

diaphragmatic surface of the heart =

A

R ventricle

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8
Q

coronary groove/sulcus=

A

boundary of R atrium and ventricle - contains RCA

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9
Q

Anterior interventricular groove contains

A

LAD

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10
Q

Posterior interventricular groove contains

A

post. interventricular vein

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11
Q

Lies in the posterior atrioventricular groove and drains cardiac veins to RIGHT atrium

A

coronary sinus

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12
Q

L mainstem artery lies in ____

branches =

A

L atrioventricular groove
circumflex
marginal
LAD->lateral/diagonal branch

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13
Q

RCA lies in ___

branches =

A

R atrioventricular groove
R marginal
Posterior interventricular

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14
Q

pulmonary valve =

A

anterior, left and right

semilunar

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15
Q

aortic valve =

A

posterior, left and right cusps
semilunar
coronary arteries lie just superior

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16
Q

tricuspid valve =

A

anterior, posterior and septal cusps

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17
Q

moderator band/septomarginal trabecula =

A

muscle in RV carries part of RBB to anterior papillary muscle - facilitates conduction and allows coordinated papillary contraction so valves shut

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18
Q

Carries conduction from R -> L atrium

A

Bachmann’s bundle

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19
Q

__ internodal tracts carry signal from SAN to AVN =

A

3 - anterior, middle (of Wenchenbach), posterior (of Thorel)

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20
Q

Symp, Para and visceral afferents reach heart via ___

A

cardiac plexus behind the aortic arch

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21
Q

Post-synaptic nt in sympathetic system

A

noradrenaline

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22
Q

Parasympathetic flow to the heart =

A

CNX

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23
Q

Nerve endings for stretch and chemicals in blood are located at:

A 
inner aortic arch
PT
around SAN
ventricles
papillary muscles
vena cava
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24
Q

Pain sensations from different soma reach consciousness at different points on the ____

A

band of post central gyrus of parietal lobe

(after central sulcus between frontal and parietal lobes

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25
Q

Area in brain that generates AP to start contraction of somatic skeletal muscle =

A

precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

26
Q

visceral pain passes to the ____ and then to ____

this is why visceral pain is poorly localised

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

diffuse cortedx areas

27
Q

Most common sights of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries

A

LAD (40-50%)
prox RCA (30-40%)
L circumflex (15-20%)
L mainstem

28
Q

These arteries are treated in a triple bypass

A

LAD
prox RCA
L circumflex

29
Q

Vessels used for a CABG graft

A

great saphenous vein
radial artery
internal thoracic artery
anastamosed to asc. aorta and distal to infarct

30
Q

SAN is supplied by ___ in 60% of pop

A

RCA

31
Q

AVN is supplied by ___ in 80% of pop

A

posterior interventricular

32
Q

IV septum is supplied by both

A

posterior interventricular and LAD

supply bundle branches

33
Q

tip of superior mediastinum = the ____

bound by ___, ___ and ___

A

thoracic inlet

ribs 1, T1 vertebrae, jugular notch

34
Q

superior and inferior mediastinum are split at the ____ at ___ level

A

transverse thoracic plane

T4-5/sternal angle

35
Q

In the anterior mediastinum there lies the ___

A

thymus

36
Q

The middle mediastinum contains ___

A

pericardium, heart, proximal parts of great vessels

37
Q

The posterior mediastinum contains ____

A

thoracic duct, symp chain, azygous vein, thoracic aorta, oesophagus, bronchi, vagus nerves

38
Q

azygous vein lies ___ + ___ to the oeso

Crosses over/under superior root of the ___ lung

A

lateral(right) posterior

right

39
Q

venous angle = ___ + ___ veins meet

A

subclavian and internal jugular veins

40
Q

L venous angle is where ____ duct drains

A

L = thoracic duct

41
Q

R venous angle is where ____ duct drains

A

R = R lymphatic duct

42
Q

lymph nodes located at the the main bronchi at the lung root =

A

bronchopulmonary

43
Q

lymph nodes located at the bifurcation of the trachea =

A

tracheo-bronchial

44
Q

Thoracic duct starts at the bulbous _____ behind the abdominal aorta at ___ level
___ lung nodes drain to it

A

cisterna chyli
L1-2
Left

45
Q

3 Nerves in the mediastinum lateral to medial

A

Phrenic>vagus>recurrent laryngeal

46
Q

___ nerve passses posterior to the root of the lung

___ nerve passes anterior to root of lung

A 
Vagus = posterior
Phrenic = anterior
47
Q

Anterior branches of abdominal aorta sup > inf

A 
bronchial
oesophageal
mediastinal
pericardial
phrenic
48
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under the ___

A

R subclavian artery

49
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under the ___

A

ligamentum arteriosum

50
Q

Phrenic nerve supply somatic motor to ___

and somatic sensory to ___

A 
motor = diaphragm
sensory = diaphragmatic parietal pleura and peritoneum, mediastinal parietal pleura, fibrous pericardium
51
Q

Vagus nerves travel ___ to trachea > pass onto ___ > pass ___ to root of lung > ___ and then pass through diaphragm

A

lateral to trachea
onto oesophagus
posterior to root of lung
plexus

52
Q

vagus somatic sensory to ___
somatic motor to ___
only contains ____ for thoracic and abdo. organs

A

sens = palate, laryngopharynx and larynx
motor = pharynx and larynx
BOTH above = recurrent laryngeal branch
parasympathetic

53
Q

Common carotid bifurcates anterior to ____ muscle at level of ___

A

sternocleidomastoid

superior border of thyroid cartilage (C4)

54
Q

thyroid cartilage lies at ___ vertebral level

A

C4-C5

55
Q

brachial artery pulse is palpated :

A

medial to biceps brachii in cubital fossa

56
Q

radial artery pulse is palpated:

A

lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis

57
Q

artery used for cannulation of arterial bp/ABGs

A

radial artery

58
Q

femoral pulse is palpated:

A

inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament

59
Q

Posterior tibial pulse is palpated:

A

between posterior border of medial malleolus + achilles tendon

60
Q

dorsalis pedis pulse is palpated:

A

medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longus

61
Q

Cardiac pacing wire is placed into:

A

subclavian artery

62
Q

Central line is inserted into:

A

internal jugular vein/femoral vein

JazCardio (15 decks)

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