Anatomy 5 Flashcards
auricle sens innerv? blood supply? lymph drain?
skin -> auriculotemp & greater auricular nn; ext ac meatus & outer TM -> auriculotemp & CN10 nn. superficial temp & post auricular aa. (post -> mastoid, ant -> parotid, inf) -> sup cerv -> deep cervical LN
external acoustic meatus = what shape? lat vs med part = ?
s shaped tunnel. cartilage w/ sebaceous & cerumen glands vs bony
TM: pars flaccida vs pars tensa. malleolar stria vs umbo. cone of light
aka shrapnell membrane, small, flaccid vs lg, taut. attaches malleus handle in inner TM vs puckering of TM drawn inward attaching low tip of malleus. triangle light d/t otoscope
know tympanic cavity borders. what does it house?
Lec 41, slides 9-10. ossicles
describe E tube
connects tympanic cavity w/ nasopharynx. sup part = bony, distal part = cartilage. yawn/swallow opens e tube –> equalize mid ear pressure w/ atm pressure
describe nn w/in tympanic cavity?
CN7 in facial canal -> chorda tympani b/w mal/tensor tympani & inc and leaves thru petrotympanic fissure to infratemp fossa; n to stapedius. CN 9 -> tympanic plexus -> promontory -> lesser petrosal n
describe tympanic muscles: tens tympani & stapedius
V3 & 7; stabilize ossicles or else hyperacusis
know inner ear bony & membranous labyrinths. describe cochlea. describe organ of Corti
Lec 41, slide 16. around modiolus; scala vestibuli & tympani both w/ perilymph connecting via helicotrema; membranous cochlear duct w/ endolymph. in/outer hair cells in cochlear duct; perilymph displaces basilar mem -> bend stereocilia in tectorial mem; displaced outer hair cells -> amplify amplitude, displaced inner hair cells (1o sensory receptors) -> AP of afferent cochlear n -> send to CNS as sound
utricle & saccule. know fxn of maculae
parts of mem labyrinth w/in bony vestibule housing maculae detecting gravity pull & linear acc; stereocilia & kinocilium in gelatinous otolithic mem; otolith mem capped by CaCO3 crystals (otoconia) detecting gravity & linear acc. head tilt -> otoliths drag otolith mem in direction of gravity. Lec 41, slide 25
sens pathways for inner ear
corti -> spiral ganglia -> coch n -> CN8 -> hearing
macula -> vestib ganglia -> vestib n -> CN8 -> gravity & lin acc
crista ampullaris -> vestib ganglia -> vestib n -> CN8 -> rot/angular acc
cryptotia vs polyotia vs preauricular sinus vs microtia vs stahl’s bar vs prominent ears
upper pole = buried under temporal skin vs persistent preauricular tissue included in pinna vs incomplete fusion of 1/2nd pharyngeal arches vs diminutive ear, from FAS or thalidomide vs flat helix, duplicated upper crus antihelix vs absent/incomplete antihelical fold
what’s otosclerosis?
tissue overgrowth -> stapes fixed to oval window
transduction pathway
stereocilia on tect mem -> K+ channels open -> influx K+ -> depol -> influx Ca2+ -> synaptic vesicles fuse w/ plasma mem -> NT released to aff periph n
describe basilar membrane. freq for human hearing & speech?
narrow/stiff at base, wide/flexible at apex; low freq/taller cilia travel to apex, high freq/shorter cilia travel to base. 20-20000Hz, 100-8000Hz
mid ear reflex
stapedius/CN7 LMN caudal to sup olivary complex; tensor tympani/V3 motor nucleus rostral to sup olivary complex -> cochl n gives aff info -> reflex = bil to protect inner ear from loud sounds
dorsal & ventral coch nuclei. what is auditory radiation?
lat brainstem of pontomedullary jxn that makes tonotopic map. sublenticular part of post lmib of internal capsule -> primary auditory complex in transverse temp gyri of Heschl (BA 41/42)
describe the simplified auditory pathway
coch has bipolar neurons in spiral ganglion -> coch nuclei goes up to inf colliculus via lat lemniscus ipsi/contralat -> branchium inf fol -> MGN -> audio radiation -> primary auditory cortex of tranverse temp gyri (BA 41/42). pathway involves both ipsi/contra -> dmg to central auditory structures above coch nuclei -> bil hearing loss. mono hearing loss = periph lesion
parts of vestibular system: periph receptor apparatus vs central vestib nuclei vs vestib-oc network vs vestib-spinal network vs vestibthalcortico network
transduce head position/motion into neural info in inner ear vs neurons in brainstem receive/integrate/distribute info for motor & spatial vs eye movement vs head movement, axial musculature, postural reflexes vs conscious proprio
bony vs mem labyrinth
aka otic capsule containing clear perilymph; has coch & 3 semicirc canals vs w/in bony labryinth containing endolymph; each 3 semicirc ducts has ampulla connected to utricle, and saccule
describe hair cell transduction for rot acc in ampullae
sensory receptor cells in vestibular system = hair cells embedded in cristae of ampulla -> small stereocilia & long kinocilium in gelatinous cupula; rot displace endolymph -> push cupula -> displace stereocilia toward kinocilium = depol, away kinocilium = hyperpol
in rostral medulla & caudal pons: sup vs inf vs med vs lat vestib nuclei
know where each of them are: Lec 43, slide 13. bordered by restiform body & 4th ventricle vs lat to med vestib nucleus vs floor of 4th ventricle vs contains lg neurons = Deiter’s cells
primary vs secondary vestibcerebellar vs vestibvestibular fibers
to juxtarestiform body -> inf cerebellar puduncle -> cerebellum vs to vestib nuclei before reaching cerebellum to reg eye/head movement & posture vs to corresponding vestib nuclei from semicirc canals
med vs lat vestibulospinal tracts
med vestib nuclei -> med longitudinal fasciculus bil -> spinal cord -> head/neck muscles vs lat & inf vestib nuclei -> all lvls of ipsi spinal cord -> ipsi extensor muscles of U/LE -> LVsT actions
bony vs cartilaginous skel of nose. root/dorsum/apex of nose = sens innerv by? ala of nose = sens innerv by?
nasal bones, frontal processes of maxillae vs hyaline cart => septum cart, major alar cart. infratroch & ext nasal nn of V. infraorbital n of V2
know borders, regions, bones of nasal cavity. bony vs cart part of nasal septum
Lec 44, slides 5-7. perpendicular plate of eth, vomer vs septal cartilage
blood supply to lat wall vs venous drain of nasal cavity
ICA -> ant/post eth aa
ECA -> max a -> sphenopalatine & greater palatine aa
ECA -> facial a -> lat nasal aa
Kiesselbach plexus = anastomosis for all branches in nasal septum; ant bleed
vs cav sinus in cranial cavity, pterygoid sinus in infratemp fossa, facial v to IJV
sens innerv of nasal cavity vs nasal septum. parasymph vs symph innerv of nasal cavity
ant eth n of V1, post nasal branches of V2 vs ant eth nasocil of V1, nasopalatine n branches of V2. sup salivatory nucleus -> greater petrosal n of 7 -> n of pterygoid canal/vidian n -> pterygopalatine ganglion in pterygopalatine fossa -> hitchhike on V2 -> target vessel/gland vs T1-3 up sympathetic chain -> sup cervical ganglion -> ICA, carotid plexus -> deep petrosal n -> vidian n -> etc
ansa cervicalis vs phrenic n innervate what? int vs ext branch innervate what?
C123, all strap x/ thyrohyoid vs C345, thoracic diaphragm. thyrohyoid mem -> sens above vocal cords vs cricothyroid -> motor
Horner’s cause vs sxs
neck trauma/surg/tumor on sympathetic chain, injury/aneurysm to ICA vs flushed cheeks b/c vasodil, ptosis b/c no sup tarsal muscle, anhidrosis, miosis
L aorta & R brachiocephalic trunk give off? what else does R brachiocephalic trunk give?
common carotid -> ICA & ECA -> some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students. subclavian -> vertebral a, internal thoracic a, thyrocervical trunk -> inf thyroid a, transverse cervical a, suprascapular a
superficial cervical fascia vs investing layer vs pretracheal layer vs carotid sheath vs prevertebral layer vs retropharyngeal space
platysma vs sCM/trap vs thyroid, trachea, infrahyoids, buccopharyngeal fascia vs common carotid, 10, IJV; connected by alar fascia vs longus capitis/colli & scalenes vs b/w buccopharyngeal fascia & prevertebral fascia; infxn can spread to thorax
submental vs submandib vs carotid vs muscular vs occipital/post vs omoclavicular triangles
subment LN vs submandib gland, 12, n to mylohyoid, facial a/v vs carotid things, 12, ansa vs straps, para/thryoid vs cervical plexus, 11 vs subclavian a/v
epiglottis = anchored where? corniculate cart sit on top of? vocal lig span from? quadrangular mem = mucosa spanning from? conus elasticus span from?
hyoid & thyroid cart. arytenoids. vocal process to thyroid cart. vest lig, epiglottis, arytenoid cart. cricoid cart to vocal lig
cricothyroid vs thyroarytenoid vs lat (+ trans/oblique aryt) & post cricoarytenoid mm. all innervated by?
forward tilt thyroid cart -> lengthen & inc tension of vocal lig/fold -> raise voice pitch vs shorten & dec tension vocal folds -> lower pitch? vs adduct & abduct vocal lig -> change size of rima glottidis. ext branch, inf laryngeal n of 10
sup vs inf laryngeal aa go to/with? lymph drain of larynx?
branch of sup thyroid a -> w/ internal branch thru thyrohyoid mem vs branch of inf thyroid a -> w/ recurrent laryngeal n thru larynx. above vocal folds -> thyrohyoid mem -> sup deep cervical LN; below vocal folds -> pre/paratracheal LN -> inf deep cervical LN
describe 3 bitter taste transduction. gustatory pathway?
bitter cmpd -> K+ influx -> depol -> Ca2+ influx -> NT; ligand to 7 transmem receptor -> G protein gustaducin -> dec Ca2+ -> NT; ligand to G protein -> PLC -> IP3 -> Ca2+ -> NT. CN7 & 9 from taste buds send impulse to solitary medulla nucleus -> thal -> gustatory cortex -> hypothal & limbic system
cells/receptors of smell
olf epith covers sup nasal concha; olf receptor cells = bipolar neurons with radiating olf cilia surrounded by supporting cells; basal cells at base of epith
