Anatomy

Question 1

Most common cause of mortality after cardiac catheterization

Answer 1

retroperitoneal hemorrhage

cath access through common femoral artery or radial artery
-middle CFA below inguinal ligament directly above retroperitoneal space

Question 2

levator ani muscles

Answer 2

iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis

injury –> urethral hypermobility and/or organ prolapse
-urethral hypermobility –> incomplete closure of urethra and bladder neck –> STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE

Question 3

detrusor muscle

Answer 3

smooth muscle lining bladder wall that contract to release urine

overactivity –> URGE INCONTINENCE

impairment c/b sacral lesion or autonomic neuropathies –> OVERFLOW INCONTINENCE

Question 4

Wernicke’s area blood supply

Answer 4

inferior terminal MCA branches

Question 5

Wernicke’s area

Answer 5

auditory association cortex w/i posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus in dominant temporal lobe

Question 6

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 6

thoracic outlet = space above first rib and behind clavicle bordered by cervical vertebral bones and sternum

causes:

• compression of lower trunk of brachial plexus –> UE weakness, tingling, numbness
• compression of subclavian vein –> UE swelling
• compression of subclavian artery –> UE exertional pain
• anomalous cervical rib
• scalene muscular anomalies
• injury (repetitive overhead arm movements)

commonly occurs w/i scalene triangle

Question 7

scalene triangle

Answer 7

anterior and middle scalene muscles and first rib

anterior scalene origin = C3-C6 transverse processes and attaches to the scalene tubercle of the first rib

middle scalene origin = C2-C7 transverse processes and inserts into posterior first rib

brachial plexus and subclavian artery run through here

Question 8

internal laryngeal nerve

Answer 8

courses through piriform recesses (bound by thyroid cartilage laterally and medially by aryepiglottic folds)

contains sensory and autonomic fibers only, no motor –> cough reflex

Question 9

cranial nerve IX

Answer 9

taste from base of tongue

afferent limb of gag reflex

Question 10

cranial nerve VII and taste

Answer 10

anterior two thirds of tongue

Question 11

salivation

Answer 11

PS fibers from IX –> synapse in otic ganglion –> postganglionic fibers travel via auriculotemporal nerve –> parotid gland