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Healthcare Exam GR 10 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 most common elements that are found in the human body?

A

1) Hydrogen
2) Oxygen
3) Carbon

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the body and it’s functions.

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3
Q

What is the names of the bacterial and human cells?

A

Human: Eukaryotes
Bacterial: Prokaryotes

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4
Q

Tissue

A

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

1) Muscle Tissue
2) Nervous Tissue
3) Epithelial Tissue
4) Connective Tissue

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6
Q

Organ

A

A group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

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7
Q

List the 3 tissues that are found in the heart.

A

1) Muscle
2) Epithelial
3) Connective

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8
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Integumentary System?

A

Organs: Skin, hair, nails, skin glands, sensory receptors.

Functions: Protects internal organs and helps maintain body temperature.

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9
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Skeletal System?

A

Organs: The bones and joints

Functions: Support, protection, stores minerals, produces blood cells.

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10
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Muscular System?

A

Organs: Skeletal Muscle

Functions: Provides Movement

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11
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Circulatory System?

A

Organs: Blood, heart, and blood vessels

Functions: Transports nutrients, waste, gasses, and heat

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12
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Immune System?

A

Organs: Lymphatic vessels, fluid, and blood.

Functions: Immune function, returns fluid from tissues to blood.

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13
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Respiratory System?

A

Organs: Lungs and Airways

Functions: Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood, air, and tissues.

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14
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Digestive System?

A

Organs: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Intestines.

Functions: Converts food into smaller molecules that are absorbed and used by the body cells.

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15
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Excretory/Urinary?

A

Organs: Kidney, Bladder, and Ureters.

Functions: Maintains homeostasis by removing waste from blood. maintains PH, and water content.

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16
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Nervous System?

A

Organs: Spinal Cord, Brain, and Nerves.

Functions: Control of body activities, monitor internal and external environment.

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17
Q

What are the major organs and functions of Endocrine System?

A

Organs: Any gland that creates hormones.

Functions: Glands release hormones that act as messengers in the body and, helps with homeostasis.

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18
Q

What are the major organs and functions of the Reproductive System?

A

Organs: Male and Female reproductive organs.

Functions: Creates hormones, sperm, eggs, and supports offspring.

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19
Q

Which is the largest and main artery of the circulatory system?

A

Aorta

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20
Q

What are the 2blood vessels that carry blood from the upper and lower parts of the body?

A

1) The Super Vena Cava

2) Inferior Vena Cava.

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21
Q

What separates the left and right side of the heart?

A

Septum

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22
Q

What are the 2 blood vessels that carry the blood to and from the lungs?

A

1) Pulmonary Artery

2) Pulmonary Vein

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23
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

1) Right Atrium
2) Right Ventricle
3) Left Atrium
4) Left Ventricle

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24
Q

What keeps the blood from flowing back into a chamber of the heart?

A

Valve

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25
Q

Study the diagram of the heart.

A

.

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26
Q

What is the job of the veins and arteries?

A

Veins carry blood to the heart and arteries carry blood away from the heart.

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27
Q

What are tiny blood vessels called?

A

Capillaries

28
Q

Homeostasis

A

Fighting disease and maintaining a stable internal environment such as proper temperature and PH.

29
Q

What are the 5 components of blood?

A

1) Plasma
2) Red
3) White
4) Platelets
5) Lymph

30
Q

Angina

A

A disorders with symptoms of a heart attack..

31
Q

Heart Murmurs

A

A valve disease.

32
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A disease in which the fatty deposits in the arteries cause the walls to stiffen and thicken the walls.

33
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Fatty deposits clinging to the walls of arteries.

34
Q

Hypertension

A

A heart muscle disease with persistent abnormally elevated blood pressure that increases the risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure.

35
Q

Heart Attack

A

More severe symptoms than an angina attack that is usually caused by a blocked coronary artery.

36
Q

What are the 3 treatments for a Heart Attack?

A

1) Balloon Angioplasty
2) Insertion of a Stint
3) Coronary Artery Bypass

37
Q

Thrombosis

A

Excessive Blood Clotting.

38
Q

Embolism

A

When a particle gets lodged inside of a vessel

39
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal swelling in a weakened arterial wall which may rupture.

40
Q

What are the 2 diseases caused in Red Blood Cells?

A

1) Anemia

2) Malaria

41
Q

What are the 3 diseases caused in White Blood Cells?

A

1) Lymphoma
2) Leukaemia
3) Multiple Myeloma

42
Q

What are the 3 diseases caused in Plasma?

A

1) Hemophilia
2) Sepsis
3) Deep Venous Thrombosis

43
Q

What is the disease caused in Platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

44
Q

Study the diagram of the Respiratory System.

A

.

45
Q

What are the 7 “Signs of Respiratory Distress”

A

1) Increases breathing rate
2) Colour Changes
3) Grunting Sound During Exhalation
4) Nose Flaring
5) Chest Retractions
6) Increased Sweating
7) Wheezing

46
Q

What are the 5 “Common Respiratory Disorders”?

A

1) Acute Bronchitis
2) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
3) Cystic Fibrosis
4) Pneumonia
5) Tuberculosis

47
Q

What is half of our body weight made up of?

A

Muscles

48
Q

What do muscles do?

A

Expand and Contract.

49
Q

What is an example of a Extensor Muscle?

A

Triceps

50
Q

What is an example of a Flexor Muscle?

A

Biceps

51
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

52
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle in the Muscular System?

A

1) Skeletal
2) Smooth
3) Cardiac

53
Q

How many muscles are there in the body?

A

650

54
Q

What are slow and fast twitch muscles?

A

Slow: Muscles that can sustain themselves slowly and for long periods of time.

Fast: Muscles that can contract quickly for short periods of time.

55
Q

What do all the diseases in the Muscular Systems relate to?

A

Weakness in muscles.

56
Q

Study the diagram of the Skeletal System.

A

.

57
Q

Ligaments

A

Hold bones together.

58
Q

How any bones does and infant have?

A

300-350

59
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

60
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Skeletal System?

A

1) Axial Skeleton

2) Appendicular Skeleton

61
Q

What does the Axial Skeleton consist of?

A

Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs and Sternum.

62
Q

What does the Appendicular Skeleton consist of?

A

Arms, Legs, Pelvic Girdle and Pectoral.

63
Q

Osteoporosis

A

The breaking down of bones.

64
Q

Scoliosis

A

A curve in the back or spine.

65
Q

Arthritis

A

Damages joints and their surrounding structures.

66
Q

Sprain

A

A ligament tear.

Healthcare Exam GR 10 (5 decks)

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