Anatomy

Question 1

What is a gyrus?

Answer 1

A ridge on the cerebral cortex

Question 2

What is a sulcus?

Answer 2

A depression or furrow in the cerebral cortex

Question 3

What lobe is Broca’s area in?

Answer 3

Frontal lobe

Question 4

What lobe is Wernicke’s area in?

Answer 4

Temporal lobe

Question 5

What does Broca’s area do?

Answer 5

Speech production

Question 6

What does Wernicke’s area?

Answer 6

Understanding speech

Usage of correct words to express thoughts

Question 7

What happens if there is a stroke affecting Broca’s area?

Answer 7

Expressive aphasia
Loss of ability to produce language, spoken or written
Patients know something is wrong and get frustrated

Question 8

What happens if there is a stroke affecting Wernicke’s area?

Answer 8

Receptive aphasia
Inability to understand language, spoken or written
Cannot use words to express thoughts
Patients are unaware of the problem

Question 9

Where is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 9

On the pre-central gyrus

Question 10

Where is the sensory cortex

Answer 10

On the post-central gyrus

Question 11

Where is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 11

Posterior portion of the frontal lobe

Question 12

Where is the sensory cortex

Answer 12

Anterior portion of the parietal lobe

Question 13

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Answer 13

Generates neural impulses that control execution of movement.

Question 14

What does the sensory cortex do?

Answer 14

Receives and interprets most of the human sense of touch.

Question 15

What side of the brain controls the left side of the body?

Answer 15

Right

Question 16

Broca’s and Wernicke’s area is in the left side of the brain in….

Answer 16

95% of right-handed people

70% of left handed people

Question 17

What is the function of the ventricles?

Answer 17

Production and circulation cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

Name the four ventricles.

Answer 18

Lateral ventricles X2
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

Question 19

Are the ventricles interconnected?

Answer 19

Yes! There are several foramina - openings acting as channels that connect the ventricles

Question 20

What is inside a ventricle?

Answer 20

A region of choroid plexus - which is a network of ependymal cells involved in CSF production

Question 21

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 21

Type of glial cell
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

They line the CSF filled ventricles in the brain and central spinal canal of the spinal cord

Question 22

What is special about the apical surface of ependymal cells?

Answer 22

Covered in microvilli that absorb CSF

Question 23

What do the intraventricular foramina/foramina of Monro connect?

Answer 23

Lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle

Question 24

What does the cerebral aqueduct connect?

Answer 24

3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle

Question 25

What does the median aperture connect?

Answer 25

4th ventricle to subarachnoid space (via cisterna magna)

Question 26

What do the right and left lateral aperture connect?

Answer 26

4th ventricle to subarachnoid space (via cistern of great cerebral vein)

Question 27

Describe the flow of CSF.

Answer 27

Lateral ventricles > foramina of Monro > 3rd ventricle > cerebral aqueduct > 4th ventricle > central canal of spinal cord or cisterns of subarachnoid space

Question 28

How is the choroid plexus formed?

Answer 28

Invagination of vascular pia mater into the ventricular lumen. It becomes highly convoluted and looks sponge-like.

Question 29

How does the choroid plexus get to each ventricle?

Answer 29

3rd & 4th: through their roofs | Lateral: through choroid fissure

Question 30

How exactly is CSF produced?

Answer 30

From arterial blood by the choroid plexuses of lateral and 4th ventricle

Question 31

What is in CSF?

Answer 31

Protein, urea, glucose, salts

Question 32

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

Answer 32

Into the venous system by passing into the Dural venous sinuses. The sinus walls have arachnoid villi which aid absorption.

Question 33

Where is the grey and white matter in the brain?

Answer 33

Grey on outside | White on inside

Question 34

Where is the grey and white matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 34

Grey on inside | White on outside

Question 35

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 35

A thick band of nerve fibres dividing cerebrum into right and left hemispheres. It transfers motor, sensory and cognitive info between the hemispheres

Question 36

How does the 4th ventricle communicate with the Subarachnoid space?

Answer 36

Via the median foramen or Magendie and lateral foramen of Luschka.

Question 37

Name the layers of the meninges from inside out,

Answer 37

Pia Arachnoid Dura PAD out

Question 38

What is the structure of the dura mater?

Answer 38

Fibrous sheet - collagen and elastin 2 layers: outer endostal and inner meningeal Infoldings contain sinuses Innervated (can cause headaches)

Question 39

What is the structure of the arachnoid mater?

Answer 39

Loose connective tissue - collagen, elastin, reticulin Loosely encloses brain Where it spans gyri it forms arachnoid and pia cisterns Space above = subdural space Space below = subarachnoid space

Question 40

What is the arachnoid mater's importance in reabsorption of CSF?

Answer 40

Venous drainage occurs via 'tufts' of arachnoid mater - villi - which are mostly in superior sagittal sinus

Question 41

What is the structure of the pia mater?

Answer 41

Closely adherent to underlying nervous tissue 2 layers: Pia glia - astrocyte end feet covered by basement membrane Pia arachnoid - outer layer, connective tissue Separated from arachnoid by subarachnoid space with fine trabeculae (small rods)spanning between

Question 42

What is a choroid plexus?

Answer 42

A network of blood vessels in each ventricle of the brain that produces CSF

Question 43

Name the parts of the corpus callosum from anterior to posterior.

Answer 43

Rostrum, Genu, Body, Splenium