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Neuro > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

A ridge on the cerebral cortex

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2
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

A depression or furrow in the cerebral cortex

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3
Q

What lobe is Broca’s area in?

A

Frontal lobe

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4
Q

What lobe is Wernicke’s area in?

A

Temporal lobe

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5
Q

What does Broca’s area do?

A

Speech production

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6
Q

What does Wernicke’s area?

A

Understanding speech

Usage of correct words to express thoughts

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7
Q

What happens if there is a stroke affecting Broca’s area?

A

Expressive aphasia
Loss of ability to produce language, spoken or written
Patients know something is wrong and get frustrated

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8
Q

What happens if there is a stroke affecting Wernicke’s area?

A

Receptive aphasia
Inability to understand language, spoken or written
Cannot use words to express thoughts
Patients are unaware of the problem

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9
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex?

A

On the pre-central gyrus

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10
Q

Where is the sensory cortex

A

On the post-central gyrus

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11
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex?

A

Posterior portion of the frontal lobe

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12
Q

Where is the sensory cortex

A

Anterior portion of the parietal lobe

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13
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A

Generates neural impulses that control execution of movement.

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14
Q

What does the sensory cortex do?

A

Receives and interprets most of the human sense of touch.

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15
Q

What side of the brain controls the left side of the body?

A

Right

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16
Q

Broca’s and Wernicke’s area is in the left side of the brain in….

A

95% of right-handed people

70% of left handed people

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17
Q

What is the function of the ventricles?

A

Production and circulation cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

Name the four ventricles.

A

Lateral ventricles X2
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

19
Q

Are the ventricles interconnected?

A

Yes! There are several foramina - openings acting as channels that connect the ventricles

20
Q

What is inside a ventricle?

A

A region of choroid plexus - which is a network of ependymal cells involved in CSF production

21
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Type of glial cell
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

They line the CSF filled ventricles in the brain and central spinal canal of the spinal cord

22
Q

What is special about the apical surface of ependymal cells?

A

Covered in microvilli that absorb CSF

23
Q

What do the intraventricular foramina/foramina of Monro connect?

A

Lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle

24
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct connect?

A

3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle

25
Q

What does the median aperture connect?

A

4th ventricle to subarachnoid space (via cisterna magna)

26
Q

What do the right and left lateral aperture connect?

A

4th ventricle to subarachnoid space (via cistern of great cerebral vein)

27
Q

Describe the flow of CSF.

A

Lateral ventricles > foramina of Monro > 3rd ventricle > cerebral aqueduct > 4th ventricle > central canal of spinal cord or cisterns of subarachnoid space

28
Q

How is the choroid plexus formed?

A

Invagination of vascular pia mater into the ventricular lumen. It becomes highly convoluted and looks sponge-like.

29
Q

How does the choroid plexus get to each ventricle?

A

3rd & 4th: through their roofs

Lateral: through choroid fissure

30
Q

How exactly is CSF produced?

A

From arterial blood by the choroid plexuses of lateral and 4th ventricle

31
Q

What is in CSF?

A

Protein, urea, glucose, salts

32
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

Into the venous system by passing into the Dural venous sinuses.
The sinus walls have arachnoid villi which aid absorption.

33
Q

Where is the grey and white matter in the brain?

A

Grey on outside

White on inside

34
Q

Where is the grey and white matter in the spinal cord?

A

Grey on inside

White on outside

35
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A thick band of nerve fibres dividing cerebrum into right and left hemispheres. It transfers motor, sensory and cognitive info between the hemispheres

36
Q

How does the 4th ventricle communicate with the Subarachnoid space?

A

Via the median foramen or Magendie and lateral foramen of Luschka.

37
Q

Name the layers of the meninges from inside out,

A

Pia
Arachnoid
Dura

PAD out

38
Q

What is the structure of the dura mater?

A

Fibrous sheet - collagen and elastin

2 layers: outer endostal and inner meningeal

Infoldings contain sinuses

Innervated (can cause headaches)

39
Q

What is the structure of the arachnoid mater?

A

Loose connective tissue - collagen, elastin, reticulin

Loosely encloses brain

Where it spans gyri it forms arachnoid and pia cisterns

Space above = subdural space
Space below = subarachnoid space

40
Q

What is the arachnoid mater’s importance in reabsorption of CSF?

A

Venous drainage occurs via ‘tufts’ of arachnoid mater - villi - which are mostly in superior sagittal sinus

41
Q

What is the structure of the pia mater?

A

Closely adherent to underlying nervous tissue

2 layers:
Pia glia - astrocyte end feet covered by basement membrane
Pia arachnoid - outer layer, connective tissue

Separated from arachnoid by subarachnoid space with fine trabeculae (small rods)spanning between

42
Q

What is a choroid plexus?

A

A network of blood vessels in each ventricle of the brain that produces CSF

43
Q

Name the parts of the corpus callosum from anterior to posterior.

A

Rostrum, Genu, Body, Splenium

Neuro (18 decks)

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