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NMSK-B II > Anatomy 2.5 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2.5 Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the anterior circulation?

A
  • common coratid artery splits into
  • internal coratid artery and bifurcates into
  • middle cerebral artery and
  • anterior cerebral arteries
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2
Q

What comprises the posterior circulation?

A
  • vertebral arteries via transverse foramen merge into
  • basilary artery which split into
  • posterior cerebral arteries
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3
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

connects the anterior and posterior circulation of the brain via:

  • posterior cerebral artery
  • internal coratid artery (posterior aspect)

anterior communicating artery connects the two sides of the anterior circulation

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4
Q

Which artery is most likely damaged in a stroke?

A

middle cerebral artery

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5
Q

What are the main branches of the internal coratid artery?

A

1) anterior cerebral artery
2) middle cerebral artery
3) ophthalmic artery**
4) posterior communicating artery
5) anterior communicating artery
6) anterior choroidal artery

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6
Q

What is the clinical importance of the ophthalmic artery?

A

only artery which supplies blood to the external face

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7
Q

What is a saccular aneurysm?

A

“berry aneurysm”;

injury or clots to posterior and anterior communicating artery of the Circle of Willis

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8
Q

What is the Tentorial Notch?

A
  • dural fold on the top of the cerebellum

- allows brainstem to settle into where it needs to in the brain

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9
Q

What are the signs of ACA stroke?

A
  • Sensorimotor deficits in contralateral foot & leg
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Contralateral frontal lobe signs
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10
Q

What are signs of MCA stroke?

A
  • Severe sensorimotor deficits in contralateral face & upper limb
  • With dominant hemisphere involvement –> global aphasia (left side blowout; written & spoken language)
  • With nondominant hemisphere –> neglect syndrome or amorphosynthesis
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11
Q

Which structures are surrounding vertebral-basilar artery?

A
  • pons

- CN V-VIII

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12
Q

What are signs of vertebral-basilar artery occlusion?

A
  • Ipsilateral pain & temp loss on face (V; pons) &
  • contralateral loss on body (lateral spinothalamic tract)
  • Homonymous hemianopia (occipital lobe)
  • Ipsilateral loss of gag reflex, dysphagia, & hoarseness (CNIX & X)
  • Vertigo (VIII)
  • Nystagmus (III; medial longitudinal fasciculus)
  • Ataxia & other cerebellar signs
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13
Q

Which arteries are specific to the Corpus striatum and internal capsule?

A

middle cerebral artery

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14
Q

Which arteries are specific to the thalamus?

A

posterior communicating artery
basilar artery
posterior cerebral artery

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15
Q

Which arteries are specific to the midbrain?

A

posterior cerebral artery
superior cerebellar artery
basilary artery

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16
Q

Which arteries are specific to the pons?

A

basilary artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
superior cerebellar artery

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17
Q

Which arteries are specific to the medulla oblongata?

A

vertebral artery
anterior and posterior spinal arteries
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
basilar artery

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18
Q

Cerebral artery syndromes: ACA

A

Contralateral Hemiparesis and

hemisensory loss, mainly leg and foot

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19
Q

Cerebral artery syndromes: MCA

A

Contralateral hemiparesis and
Hemisensory loss, mainly face arm
Aphasia (dominant hemisphere)

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20
Q

Cerebral artery syndromes: PCA

A

Visual agnosia
Contralateral homonymous
Hemianopia, contralateral sensory
Loss (thalamus)

21
Q

Cerebral artery syndromes: Internal Coratid

A

May be well compensated

Similar to middle cerebral artery

22
Q

What is the vasculature of the spinal cord?

A
  • 2 posterior spinal arteries

- 1 anterior spinal artery

23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a stroke in the anterior spinal artery?

A

below level of the lesion:

  • total motor paralysis
  • dissociated sensory loss
24
Q

Where does blood finally drain out of the brain?

A

internal jugular vein

25
Q

What is a bridging vein?

A

superficial veins which drain into the superficial sagittal vein; cause subdural hematoma when damages

26
Q

What is the dural venous sinus?

A
  • Endothelial-lined spaces between the periosteal & meningeal layers of dura OR between duplications of meningeal dura
  • Drain blood from the brain, meninges and veins into the internal jugular vein
27
Q

What does the arachnoid mater do?

A

holds the CSF in its place

28
Q

What is the falx cerebrii?

A
  • reflections of the meningeal layer create infoldings of dura
  • separates left and right hemispheres
  • anchors to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone
29
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A
  • reflections of the meningeal layer create infoldings of dura
  • separates cerebrum from cerebellum
30
Q

What supplies 2/3 of the blood supply to the dura mater?

A

middle meningeal artery (from external coratid artery)

31
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

dura mater and skull interface

32
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

dura mater and arachnoid mater interface

33
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

arachnoid mater nad pia mater interface

34
Q

What happens in an epidural hematoma?

A
  • middle meningeal artery damage

- 15-20% fatal

35
Q

What happens in a subdural hematoma?

A
  • bridging vein damage

- 40-60% fatal

36
Q

What happens in a subarachnoid hematoma?

A

anterior, middle, posterior cerebral artery damage

-2nd place fatality

37
Q

What is the falx cerebelli?

A

separates cerebellar hemispheres. It has the occipital sinus in it’s attached margin

38
Q

Which dural fold does the straight sinus run through?

A

tentorium cerebelli

39
Q

Injury to what structure would give many facial functional malaties but not affect chewing?

A

cavernous sinus

40
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A
  • Cerebral endothelial cells (ependyma) in all ventricles
  • produces CSF
  • acts as barrier between blood and CSF
41
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain?

A
  • interconnected spaces in the brain filled with CSF
  • continuous with spinal cord
  • 4 total (2 lateral, third, fourth)
42
Q

What connects the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle?

A

interventricular foramen of Monroe

43
Q

What is the 3rd ventricle?

A

-separates 2 hemispheres of diencephalon (right and left thalamus)

44
Q

What connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th centricle?

A

cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius)

45
Q

What is the 4th ventricle?

A
  • diamond-shaped
  • behind pons and medulla oblongata
  • forms central canal of spinal cord
46
Q

What connects the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space?

A

2 foramina of Luschka

1 foramen of Magendie

47
Q

Which structure is responsible for the secretion of CSF?

A

choroid plexus

48
Q

Which structure is responsible for the absorption of CSF?

A

arachnoid granulations

NMSK-B II (15 decks)

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