ANATOMY 2.3

Question 1

superior vena cava delivers deoxy blood to heart from where?

Answer 1

head and arms

Question 2

is endocardium on the inside or outside?

Answer 2

inside, close to heart chamber

Question 3

what separates heart sides?

Answer 3

interventricular septum

Question 4

which blood vessel doesnt have valves?

Answer 4

capillaries

Question 5

which blood vessels have high pressure inside them?

Answer 5

artery and capillaries

Question 6

name 3 types of capillaries and how passage of particles takes palce

Answer 6

continuous - diffusion
fenestrated - via channels
discountinuous - open capillaires, for vitamins,fats etc

Question 7

explain hydrostatic pressure difference

Answer 7

pressure high in capillaries - low in tissue - so water moves from capillary into tissue (high to low)

Question 8

explain colloid osmotic pressure difference

Answer 8

high conc of protein in capilllary, low in tissue -> so water moves from low to highest protein content

Question 9

is expiration at rest an active or passive process

Answer 9

passive

Question 10

which nerves innervates diaphragm

Answer 10

phrenic nerve

Question 11

is trachea part of upper or lower airways

Answer 11

lower

Question 12

is case of choking, which primary bronchi is probably involved?

Answer 12

right because its steeper, stuff slides right through

Question 13

what are secondary bronchi called and how many are there per lung

Answer 13

lobar bronchi
3 on right lung
2 on left

Question 14

2 pleuras names

Answer 14

visceral
parietal

Question 15

when we breath in, is pressure negative or positive inside lungs

Answer 15

negative

Question 16

is visceral or parietal pleura sensitive to pressure, temp and pain?

Answer 16

parietal

Question 17

explain: how would you feel a broken rib and a tumour

Answer 17

broken rib (pressing into the lung and into parietal pleura): so pain, pressure

tumour (pressing against visceral, inside - feels stretch) so a nagging feelings

Question 18

where do all blood vessels enter and leave the lungs? whats this place called?

Answer 18

Hilum, located on medial side of the lungs

Question 19

describe brachial arteries
- origin
- pressure
- blood flow
- % of circulation
- if they carry oxy-rich blood to alveoli
- where do they enter lungs

Answer 19

• aorta
• high pressure
• low blood flow
  2% circulation
• no not to alveoli
• enter at hilum

Question 20

pulmonary arteries: function

Answer 20

100% circulation and divide capillaries around alveoli

Question 21

which type of alveoli is involved in gas exchange

Answer 21

type 1

Question 22

what does type 2 cell in alveoli help with

Answer 22

helps with stretching of the alveoli, lower resistance with breathing

Question 23

whats perfusion?

Answer 23

blood flow through pulmonary capillaries

Question 24

whats ventilation?

Answer 24

amount of inhaled air going to alveoli

Question 25

where is perfusion higher: bottom (basal segments of the body) or higher near head?

Answer 25

basal, bottom, at waist