Anatomy Flashcards
Retroperitoneal structures (SAD PUCKER)
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands Aorta and IVC Duodenum (2nd through 4th parts) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (descending and ascending) Kidneys Esophagus (lower 2/3) Rectum (partially)
Kidney vertebral levels
Right kidney - T12 - L3
-right lower than left due to liver
R kidney is in contact with
- Serosal surface or liver
- 2nd part of duodenum
- Right colic flexure
- Jejunum
L kidney is in contact with
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Tails of pancreas
- Left colic flexure
- Jejunum
Posterior relationships of kidney
- ribs and nerves
- muscles
Ribs
-11th and 12th ribs
Nerves
-Subcostal (T12) and iliohypogastric (L1)
Muscles
- diaphragm
- psoas major
- quadratus lumborum
- aponeurosis of transverse abdominis muscle
Relationship of renal pelvis to renal artery
Lies posterior to artery
R vs L testicular (ovarian) vein drainage
L testicular (ovarian) vein -> drains into L renal vein
Right -> straight into IVC
Relationship of abdominal ureter to:
- testicular (ovarian) vessels
- pass anterior to which muscle
- pass posterior to vessels
- pass anterior to surface of psoas
Relationship of pelvic ureter
- vessels
- peritoneum
cross common or external iliac artery near bifurcation of common iliac
• Descends along the lateral wall of the pelvis and curves anteromedially to the
base of the urinary bladder while remaining deep to the peritoneum
Superior suprarenal artery arises from?
inferior phrenic artery
Middle suprarenal artery arises from?
Abdominal aorta near ciliac trunk
Inferior suprarenal artery arises from?
Renal artery
R vs left suprarenal vein drainage
L empties in L renal vein
R empties directly into IVC
Unpaired arteries to GI tract from aorta
o Celiac trunk
o Superior mesenteric artery
o Inferior mesenteric artery
Paired arteries to 3 paired abdominal organs from aorta
o Suprarenal
o Renal
o Testicular (ovarian) arteries
Paired arteries to abdominal wall from aorta
o Inferior phrenic
o Lumbar arteries
Lumbar arteries
- how many pairs
- supply the?
- origin
- pass deep to
4 pairs
posterior abdominal wall
posterior abdominal aorta
psoas major muscle
Bifurcation of abdominal aorta occurs at which vertebral level
L4
Umbilicus projects superior or inferior to bifurcation of aorta (thin person)
Superior
Arterial supply to abdominal portion of ureters arises most commonly from? less commonly from?
Most commonly -> renal arteries
Less commonly
- gonadal arteries
- abdominal aorta
- common iliac arteries
Urinary bladder
-superior vs posterior surfacess
Superior surface
• Covered by peritoneum
Posterior surface
• Covered by peritoneum on its superior part
• Covered by endopelvic fascia on its inferior part as well as the inferolateral surfaces
Apex of bladder identified by attachment of?
Urachus
Extrarenal duct system begins at the
Minor calyx
Large kidney stones may lodge at one of which three natural constrictions of ureter
- Where renal pelvis joins the ureter
- Where ureter crosses pelvic brim
- At the entrance of the ureter into the urinary bladder
Esophagus lies immediately posterior to
L atrium and part of L ventricle
Esophagus plexus innervates which portion of esophagus
Inferior
R vs L vagus nerve - relationship to esophageal plexus
Right -> posterior
Left -> anterior
Anterior and posterior vagal trunks pass through diaphragm with what? which vertebral level?
Esophagus - T10
Thoracic duct
- relationship to azygos vein and esophagus
- pass through diaphragm with? vertebral level?
- left of azygos vein posterior to esophagus
- w/ aorta (T12)
Posterior intercostal veins drainage on R vs L
Right -> azygos vein
Left
- top half -> accessory hemiazygos vein
- bottom half -> hemiazygos vein
White vs gray rami communicantes based on position
White is more lateral
Greater splanchnic nerve
Lesser
Least
Greater -> T5-T9 sympathetic ganglia
Lesser -> T10-11
Least -> T12
Pleural tap location
Midaxillary line
Intercostal space 6, 7, or 8
Low in intercostal space to avoid damaging neurovascular bundle
Oblique fissure location
deep to 5th rib LATERALLY
deep to 6th costal cartilage ANTERIORLY
Horizontal fissure location
Deep to 4th rib and 4th costal cartilage
Median arcuate ligament found at the?
aortic hiatus
Left vs right crura of diaphragm
left crura -> L1-L2
-passes to left of esophageal hiatus
Right crura -> L1 - L3
-muscle fibers decussate around esophageal hiatus (T10)
Medial vs median vs lateral arcuate ligaments
- Lateral arcuate ligament
- paired
- bridges the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle. - Medial arcuate ligament
- paired
- bridges the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle - Median arcuate ligament
- Unpaired
- bridges the anterior surface of the aorta at the aortic hiatus
Pleural and peritoneal coverings of the peripheral part of diaphragm receive sensory innervation from
lower intercostal nerves (T5-T11) and subcostal nerve
What gives rise to respiratory system
foregut - endoderm surround by splanchnic mesoderm
Embryo - central tendon
Septum transversum
Embryo - left and right crura of diaphragm
Gut mesenchyme
Embryo - outer diaphragm
body wall mesenchyme
Gap b/w thorax and abdomen during development? filled in by?
Pericardioperitoneal canal -> pleuroperitoneal membrane
Embryo - kidney formation
Ureteric bud + metanephric blastema
ureteric bud from collecting duct on
up to DCT is blastema
Smooth walled structure in posterior bladder wall called? due to (embryo)?
TRIGONE
Portion of mesonephric ducts incorporated into bladder wall -> exstrophy of bladder
