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Renal-Pulm > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Retroperitoneal structures (SAD PUCKER)

A 
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands 
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2nd through 4th parts) 
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters 
Colon (descending and ascending) 
Kidneys
Esophagus (lower 2/3) 
Rectum (partially)
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2
Q

Kidney vertebral levels

A

Right kidney - T12 - L3

-right lower than left due to liver

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3
Q

R kidney is in contact with

A
  • Serosal surface or liver
  • 2nd part of duodenum
  • Right colic flexure
  • Jejunum
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4
Q

L kidney is in contact with

A
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Tails of pancreas
  • Left colic flexure
  • Jejunum
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5
Q

Posterior relationships of kidney

  • ribs and nerves
  • muscles
A

Ribs
-11th and 12th ribs

Nerves
-Subcostal (T12) and iliohypogastric (L1)

Muscles

  • diaphragm
  • psoas major
  • quadratus lumborum
  • aponeurosis of transverse abdominis muscle
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6
Q

Relationship of renal pelvis to renal artery

A

Lies posterior to artery

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7
Q

R vs L testicular (ovarian) vein drainage

A

L testicular (ovarian) vein -> drains into L renal vein

Right -> straight into IVC

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8
Q

Relationship of abdominal ureter to:

  • testicular (ovarian) vessels
  • pass anterior to which muscle
A
  • pass posterior to vessels

- pass anterior to surface of psoas

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9
Q

Relationship of pelvic ureter

  • vessels
  • peritoneum
A

cross common or external iliac artery near bifurcation of common iliac

• Descends along the lateral wall of the pelvis and curves anteromedially to the
base of the urinary bladder while remaining deep to the peritoneum

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10
Q

Superior suprarenal artery arises from?

A

inferior phrenic artery

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11
Q

Middle suprarenal artery arises from?

A

Abdominal aorta near ciliac trunk

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12
Q

Inferior suprarenal artery arises from?

A

Renal artery

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13
Q

R vs left suprarenal vein drainage

A

L empties in L renal vein

R empties directly into IVC

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14
Q

Unpaired arteries to GI tract from aorta

A

o Celiac trunk
o Superior mesenteric artery
o Inferior mesenteric artery

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15
Q

Paired arteries to 3 paired abdominal organs from aorta

A

o Suprarenal
o Renal
o Testicular (ovarian) arteries

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16
Q

Paired arteries to abdominal wall from aorta

A

o Inferior phrenic

o Lumbar arteries

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17
Q

Lumbar arteries

  • how many pairs
  • supply the?
  • origin
  • pass deep to
A

4 pairs

posterior abdominal wall

posterior abdominal aorta

psoas major muscle

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18
Q

Bifurcation of abdominal aorta occurs at which vertebral level

A

L4

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19
Q

Umbilicus projects superior or inferior to bifurcation of aorta (thin person)

A

Superior

20
Q

Arterial supply to abdominal portion of ureters arises most commonly from? less commonly from?

A

Most commonly -> renal arteries

Less commonly

  • gonadal arteries
  • abdominal aorta
  • common iliac arteries
21
Q

Urinary bladder

-superior vs posterior surfacess

A

Superior surface
• Covered by peritoneum

Posterior surface
• Covered by peritoneum on its superior part
• Covered by endopelvic fascia on its inferior part as well as the inferolateral surfaces

22
Q

Apex of bladder identified by attachment of?

A

Urachus

23
Q

Extrarenal duct system begins at the

A

Minor calyx

24
Q

Large kidney stones may lodge at one of which three natural constrictions of ureter

A
  1. Where renal pelvis joins the ureter
  2. Where ureter crosses pelvic brim
  3. At the entrance of the ureter into the urinary bladder
25
Q

Esophagus lies immediately posterior to

A

L atrium and part of L ventricle

26
Q

Esophagus plexus innervates which portion of esophagus

A

Inferior

27
Q

R vs L vagus nerve - relationship to esophageal plexus

A

Right -> posterior

Left -> anterior

28
Q

Anterior and posterior vagal trunks pass through diaphragm with what? which vertebral level?

A

Esophagus - T10

29
Q

Thoracic duct

  • relationship to azygos vein and esophagus
  • pass through diaphragm with? vertebral level?
A
  • left of azygos vein posterior to esophagus

- w/ aorta (T12)

30
Q

Posterior intercostal veins drainage on R vs L

A

Right -> azygos vein

Left

  • top half -> accessory hemiazygos vein
  • bottom half -> hemiazygos vein
31
Q

White vs gray rami communicantes based on position

A

White is more lateral

32
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve

Lesser

Least

A

Greater -> T5-T9 sympathetic ganglia

Lesser -> T10-11

Least -> T12

33
Q

Pleural tap location

A

Midaxillary line

Intercostal space 6, 7, or 8

Low in intercostal space to avoid damaging neurovascular bundle

34
Q

Oblique fissure location

A

deep to 5th rib LATERALLY

deep to 6th costal cartilage ANTERIORLY

35
Q

Horizontal fissure location

A

Deep to 4th rib and 4th costal cartilage

36
Q

Median arcuate ligament found at the?

A

aortic hiatus

37
Q

Left vs right crura of diaphragm

A

left crura -> L1-L2
-passes to left of esophageal hiatus

Right crura -> L1 - L3
-muscle fibers decussate around esophageal hiatus (T10)

38
Q

Medial vs median vs lateral arcuate ligaments

A
  1. Lateral arcuate ligament
    - paired
    - bridges the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle.
  2. Medial arcuate ligament
    - paired
    - bridges the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle
  3. Median arcuate ligament
    - Unpaired
    - bridges the anterior surface of the aorta at the aortic hiatus
39
Q

Pleural and peritoneal coverings of the peripheral part of diaphragm receive sensory innervation from

A

lower intercostal nerves (T5-T11) and subcostal nerve

40
Q

What gives rise to respiratory system

A

foregut - endoderm surround by splanchnic mesoderm

41
Q

Embryo - central tendon

A

Septum transversum

42
Q

Embryo - left and right crura of diaphragm

A

Gut mesenchyme

43
Q

Embryo - outer diaphragm

A

body wall mesenchyme

44
Q

Gap b/w thorax and abdomen during development? filled in by?

A

Pericardioperitoneal canal -> pleuroperitoneal membrane

45
Q

Embryo - kidney formation

A

Ureteric bud + metanephric blastema

ureteric bud from collecting duct on
up to DCT is blastema

46
Q

Smooth walled structure in posterior bladder wall called? due to (embryo)?

A

TRIGONE

Portion of mesonephric ducts incorporated into bladder wall -> exstrophy of bladder

Renal-Pulm (9 decks)

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