Anatomy

Question 1

Two types of join in lumbar spine and classification

Answer 1

Intervertebral- synathrosis secondary cartilaginous

Facets- diathrosis triaxial plane joint

Question 2

Movements and RoM of lumbar spine

Answer 2

Flexion 40-60
Extension 20-35
Sidebend 15-20
Rotation 3-18

Question 3

Muscles that cause movements in lumbar spine

Answer 3

Flexion- rec abdominus, psoas major and minor, illiacus
Extension- erector spinae, QL, multifidus
Side bend- erector spinae, ext obliques, QL
Rotation- rotatores, multifidus, ext + int obliques, transverse abs

Question 4

Flat and vertical muscles in abs

Answer 4

Flat- T abs, int + ext obliques

Vertical- rectus abs, pyrimdialis

Question 5

Features of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 5

Prominent sp
Large triangular foremen
Large kidney shape body
Long tp
90° saggital facets

Question 6

Typical T spine and their features

Answer 6

T2-8/9
Medium heart shaped body
Circular narrower foramen
Long slender sp points inferior
2 Demi facets uni laterally on the body for rib head
Rough tp because of costal facets for rib tubercle
60° coronal facet orientation

Question 7

A typical ribs and why they are a typical

Answer 7

T1- one whole facet for rib one and a Demi facet
T10- one entire facet no Demi facets
T11+12- one entire facet and no facet on tp

Question 8

Typical ribs and features

Answer 8

Rib 3-9
Head-2 Demi facets for vertebrae
Neck- 2 tubercles, articulatory and non
Body- costal groove for nerves and blood vessels

Question 9

A typical ribs and why

Answer 9

1- only 1 facet- short and thick
2*- normal but thinner and longer
10- only one facet no Demi facets
11+12- whole facet no articular tubercle- floating

Question 10

Joints and classification in T spine

Answer 10

Costovertebral- synovial plane
Costotransverse- synovial plane
Intervertebral - secondary cartilaginous
Facet- synovial plane 60° coronal

Question 11

Different rib motions

Answer 11

Rib 1-5 is pump handle- up down
Rib6-10 is bucket handle- up down on arc
Rib11-12 is calliper- out in

Question 12

Primary and secondary respiratory muscles

Answer 12

Primary- diaphragm
Secondary- intercostal muscles

Question 13

Movements in T spine and RoM

Answer 13

Flexion 20-45
Extension 25-45
Sidebend 20-40
Rotation- 35-50

Question 14

Muscles that create movement in t spine

Answer 14

Flexion- rec ab , int + ext obliques
Extension- erector spinae, semispinalis dorsi, QL
Side bend- erector spinae, QL, int obliques
Rotation- erector spinae, int + ext obliques

Question 15

Typical cerviacal vertebrae and their features

Answer 15

Bifid spinous process
Mid triangular foramen
Small tp with foramen in them
Saddle shaped vertebral body

Question 16

Atypical c spine and features

Answer 16

C1- no vert body, no sp, anterior tubercle

C2- Aldontoid peg

C7- sp longer and not bifid

Question 17

Types of joint in c spine and classification

Answer 17

Intervertabral- cartilaginous secondary
Uncovertabral- functional protects vertebral artery
Facets - plane
Atlantoaxial- medial- pivot, lateral- plane.
Atlantooccipital- condyloid

Question 18

Movements and RoM in cervical

Answer 18

Flexion 50-70
Extension 70-80
Side bend 20-40
Rotation 70-90

Question 19

Muscles that cause movements

Answer 19

Flexion- SCM, longus coil, longus capitus, ant scalenes

Extension- lev scap, traps, erector spinae, rec cap post major +minor

Side bend- erector spinae, scalenes, SCM, traps,

Rotation- ant scalenes, multifidus, SCM, splenius capitus, splenius cervicus