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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of join in lumbar spine and classification

A

Intervertebral- synathrosis secondary cartilaginous

Facets- diathrosis triaxial plane joint

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2
Q

Movements and RoM of lumbar spine

A

Flexion 40-60
Extension 20-35
Sidebend 15-20
Rotation 3-18

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3
Q

Muscles that cause movements in lumbar spine

A

Flexion- rec abdominus, psoas major and minor, illiacus
Extension- erector spinae, QL, multifidus
Side bend- erector spinae, ext obliques, QL
Rotation- rotatores, multifidus, ext + int obliques, transverse abs

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4
Q

Flat and vertical muscles in abs

A

Flat- T abs, int + ext obliques

Vertical- rectus abs, pyrimdialis

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5
Q

Features of lumbar vertebrae

A

Prominent sp
Large triangular foremen
Large kidney shape body
Long tp
90° saggital facets

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6
Q

Typical T spine and their features

A

T2-8/9
Medium heart shaped body
Circular narrower foramen
Long slender sp points inferior
2 Demi facets uni laterally on the body for rib head
Rough tp because of costal facets for rib tubercle
60° coronal facet orientation

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7
Q

A typical ribs and why they are a typical

A

T1- one whole facet for rib one and a Demi facet
T10- one entire facet no Demi facets
T11+12- one entire facet and no facet on tp

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8
Q

Typical ribs and features

A

Rib 3-9
Head-2 Demi facets for vertebrae
Neck- 2 tubercles, articulatory and non
Body- costal groove for nerves and blood vessels

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9
Q

A typical ribs and why

A

1- only 1 facet- short and thick
2*- normal but thinner and longer
10- only one facet no Demi facets
11+12- whole facet no articular tubercle- floating

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10
Q

Joints and classification in T spine

A

Costovertebral- synovial plane
Costotransverse- synovial plane
Intervertebral - secondary cartilaginous
Facet- synovial plane 60° coronal

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11
Q

Different rib motions

A

Rib 1-5 is pump handle- up down
Rib6-10 is bucket handle- up down on arc
Rib11-12 is calliper- out in

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12
Q

Primary and secondary respiratory muscles

A

Primary- diaphragm
Secondary- intercostal muscles

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13
Q

Movements in T spine and RoM

A

Flexion 20-45
Extension 25-45
Sidebend 20-40
Rotation- 35-50

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14
Q

Muscles that create movement in t spine

A

Flexion- rec ab , int + ext obliques
Extension- erector spinae, semispinalis dorsi, QL
Side bend- erector spinae, QL, int obliques
Rotation- erector spinae, int + ext obliques

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15
Q

Typical cerviacal vertebrae and their features

A

Bifid spinous process
Mid triangular foramen
Small tp with foramen in them
Saddle shaped vertebral body

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16
Q

Atypical c spine and features

A

C1- no vert body, no sp, anterior tubercle

C2- Aldontoid peg

C7- sp longer and not bifid

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17
Q

Types of joint in c spine and classification

A

Intervertabral- cartilaginous secondary
Uncovertabral- functional protects vertebral artery
Facets - plane
Atlantoaxial- medial- pivot, lateral- plane.
Atlantooccipital- condyloid

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18
Q

Movements and RoM in cervical

A

Flexion 50-70
Extension 70-80
Side bend 20-40
Rotation 70-90

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19
Q

Muscles that cause movements in c spine

A

Flexion- SCM, longus coil, longus capitus, ant scalenes

Extension- lev scap, traps, erector spinae, rec cap post major +minor

Side bend- erector spinae, scalenes, SCM, traps,

Rotation- ant scalenes, multifidus, SCM, splenius capitus, splenius cervicus

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20
Q

shoulder joints and their classification

A

glenohumoral- triaxial ball and socket

ac joint- plane

sternoclavicular- saddle joint

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21
Q

movements and range of motion at shoulder

A

flexion-160-180
extension- 50-60
abduction-170-180
adduction-50-75
external rotation80-90
internal rotation- 70-90

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22
Q

muscles that create movement at the shoulder

A

flexion- anterior deltoid, pec major, biceps brachii, coracoidbrachialis

extension- posterior deltoid, terres major, lat dorsi

adduction- pec major, terres major, lat dorsi

abduction- deltoid- supraspinatus, traps, serratus anterior

internal rotation- subscapularis, terres major, lat dorsi, pec major, anterior deltoid

external rot- infraspinatus, terres minor

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23
Q

what muscles are on the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, terres minor

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24
Q

athrology of elbow- jointts and classification

A

humoral ulnar joint- uniaxial hinge
radial humeral joint- uniaxial pivot that allows hinge movements
proximal radial ulnar joint- pivot joint

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25
Movements and RoM at the elbow
Flexion- 150 extension 0-10 supination 90 pronation 80-90
26
muscles that create movment at elbow
flexion- biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis extension- triceps brachii, anconeus supination- biceps brachii, brachioradialis, supinator pronation- pronator teres, pronator quadratus, flexor carpi radialis
27
athrology in wrist and joint classification
radial carpel joint- condyloid joint biaxial mid carpel joint-condyloid joint distal radio ulnar- uniaxial pivot
28
movments and range of motion at the wrist
flexion- 80-90 extension 70-90 ulna deviation 30 radial deviation 15-20
29
muscles that create movements at the wrist
flexion- flexor carpi radialis + ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis + profundus, palmaris longus extension- extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi ulna deviation- flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi ulnaris radial deviation- flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
30
pollicis muscles
oponens pollicis- moves 1st digit to 5th abductor pollicics brevis and longus flexor pollicis longus and brevis extensor polliscis longus and brevis
31
5th digit muscles
oponens digiti minimi- moves pinky to thumb abductor digiti minimi extensor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis
32
where is the thenar and hypothenar
thenar is the flesh pad by the thumb hypothenar- fleshy pad by pinky
33
what do interossi and lumbrical muscles do
interossei- dorsal (top of hand) abduct fingers palmer (palm) adduct fingers lumbricals- flex mcp joint and extend IP joint
34
what muslces are on the common flexor tendon and extensor tendon
extension- extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi flexion- flexor carpi radialis + ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, palmaris longus
35
landmarks of the illium
ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, pecteneal line, illiac fossa, illiac crest, acetabulum,
36
landmarks of the pubis
pubic tubercle, obturator foramen, pubic rami
37
landmarks of the ischium scarum and coccyx
ischium- ischial spine scarum and coccyx- sciatic foramen
38
proximal femur landmarks
head of femur, neck of femur, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric crest, gluteal tuberosity, pectineal line, linear aspera
39
athrology of the hip and pelvis
femoral acetabular- triaxial ball and socket pubic symphis- secondary cartelagenous sacro illiac joint- plane joint
40
Movements and RoM in the hip
flexion- 110-120 extension- 10-15 abduction 30- 50 adduction 30 int rot- 30-40 ext rot 40-60
41
muscles that create RoM at the hip
flexion- rec fem, psoas', illiacus, sartorius, pectineus extension- glute max, semitendenousis, semimembrinosus, glute med, piriformis abduction- glute min, TFL, glute med, piriformis adduction- adductor longus,brevis,magnus,pectineus,gracialis int rot- glute med, glute min, TFL ext rot- Glute max, piriformis, biceps fem, obturator, gemilli, quadratus fem, sartorious
42
landmarks of the knee- distal femur
medial and lateral condyle and epicondyle, intercondylar fossa, patella groove, adductor tubercle, medial lateral supracondylar lines
43
knee land mark proximal tibia
lateral and medial condyle, intercondylar emminence, lateral and medial tibial plateu, gerdys tubercle, tibial tuberosity, soleul line
44
landmarks of proximal fibula
apex, head, articular facet, neck, medial lateral and anterior borders.
45
athrology of the knee
tibio femoral joint- hinge patellofemoral joint- plane tibiofibural joint- plane interosseous membrane- syndesmosis
46
movements and range of motions of the knee p.s. you smell weird
flexion 135 extension- 0-15 internal rotation 20-30 external rot 30-40
47
muscles that create movement at the knee
flexion- semimembrinosis, semitendinosis, biceps femoris, graciallis, popliteus extension- rec fem, vastus lat, med, inter, sartorius int rot- sartorius, popliteus, gracilius, semimembranosis, semitendinosis ext rot- biceps femoris LH SH
48
how many bones, joints and ligaments are there in the foot
26 bones 33 joints 112 ligaments
49
distal tibia and fibula landmarks
tibia- medial malleolus, malleolar groove fibula- fibula notch, lateral malleolus, malleolar groove, malleolar fossa.
50
tarsel landmarks
talus, calcanues and tuberosity, cuboid and tuberosity, navicular, medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform, styloid proces of 5th MT lateral medial tubercle on talus, sustentacululm tali, navicular tuberosity
51
athrology of ankle and foot
distal tib fib- syndesmosis talocrural joint- uniaxial hinge talocalcaneal joint- triaxial plane mid tarsel joint- split into two sections talocalcanealnavicular joint- ball and socket calcanealcuboid joint- biaxial modified saddle
52
what movements at the ankle are often paired with each other
plantar flexion + inversion = supination dorsiflexion + eversion = pronation
53
movements and RoM of the ankle
plantarflexion 50 dorsiflexion 20 inversion 30 eversion 20
54
muscles that create movement at the ankle
plantarflexion- soleus, gastronemeus, tibialis posterior, plantaris, flexor halucius longus, flexor digitorum longus dorsiflexion- tibialis anterior, extensor halucius and digitorum longus. inversion- tib anterior and posterior, flexor halucius and digitorum longus, extensor halucious longus eversion- peronious longus, brevis, tertius, extensor digitorum longus
55
hallucius and 5th digit muscles
flexor hallucis longus and brevis extensor hallucius longus and brevis adductor hallucius abductor hallucius flexor digiti minimi brevis abductor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi
56
what do the lumbricals and interossei muscles do in the foot
they flex and adduct the mtp joints and extend the IP joints plantar interosssei flex and adduct 3,4,5 mtp joints and extend 2,3,4 IP joints doral interossei flex and abduct mtp joints and extend IP joints
57
different bones of the skull
Frontal bone, parietal bone, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, occipital bone. ethmoid bone- only visible laterally behind nose
58
landmarks of the skull
external occipital protuberance, nuchal lines, mastoid process, styloid process (fangs)
59
bones of face and jaw
zygoma (cheeks), maxilla (top jaw), mandible (lower jaw), nasal, lacrimal (tear ducts)
60
bones of the ear
incus, malleus, stapes
61
foramen for the cranial nerves
cribiform plate optic canal superior orbital fissure foramen rotundum foramun ovale internl acoustic meatous jugular foramen hypoglossal canal foramen lacerum, stylomastoid foramen, foramen magnum have brances of nerves too
62
pnumonic for cranial nerves and the nerves
OOO - olfactory - smelling OOO - optic- vision OOO - oculomotor- eye movements TO- trochlear - eye movements TOUCH - trigeminal - sensory and movement in the face AND- abducens- eye movement FEEL - facial- movement and taste VERY- vestibulochoclear- hearing and balance GOOD- glossopharyngeal- throat movements and taste VAG- vagus- visceral control AA- accesory- movement of head and neck HHHH- hypoglossal- movement of tongue and lower throat
63
athrology of the skull
saggital coronal - all synathrotic fibrous sutures labdoid
64
tmj athrology and parts of the joint
condylar hinge joint disc lateral ligament retrodiscal pad
65
66
myology of the TMJ and the movments the muscles create
Opening- lateral ptrygoids, digastric closing- temporalis, masseter, medial ptrygoids deviation- masseter and temporalis (ipsilaterally) medial and lateral pterygoid (contralaterally) retraction- temporalis protraction- lateral pterygoids

Osteopathy (3 decks)

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