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Case 12: Female Reproductive System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the female reproductive tract located

A

W/i the pelvis supported by ligaments

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2
Q

What is the 3 parts of the female reproductive tract

A
  1. External genitalia: vulva
  2. Internal genitalia: ovaries, uterine tube, uterus & vagina
  3. Mammary glands
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3
Q

What forms part of the vulva

A

Mons pubis
Labia minora & majora
Vestibule
Glands
Clitoris

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4
Q

What i the 2 functions of the female gonads

A

Produce gametes & hormones

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5
Q

Where is the normal site of fertilization & development

A

Fertilization: uterine tubes
Site of development: uterus

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6
Q

What is the 5 functions of female reproductive tract

A
  1. Produce sex hormones
  2. Produce gametes
  3. Protect & support developing embryo
  4. Nourish newborn infants
  5. Maintain growing fetus
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7
Q

What is 3 functions of the vulva

A
  1. Act as sensory tissue during sexual intercourse
  2. Assists in micturition by directing flow of urine
  3. Protect internal female reproductive tract form infection
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8
Q

What is the mons pubis

A

Rounded hair bearing are of skin & adipose tissue over pubic symphysis & adjacent pubic bone

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9
Q

What is the appearance of the mons pubis before & after puberty & menopause

A

Before: flat & hairless & labia minora is poorly formed
After: prominent w/ coarse hair
Menopause: atrophies slightly

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10
Q

What is the labia majora

A

2 hair bearing folds of skin encircling labia minora & adjacent structure
Forming posterior commissure

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11
Q

What is the labia minora

A

2 hairless folds of skin w/i labia majora

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12
Q

What does the labia minora form anteriorly & posteriorly

A

Anteriorly: clitoral hood
Posteriorly: fourchette

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13
Q

What is the vestibule

A

Central space bounded by labia minora

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14
Q

What is the 2 vestibule glands

A
  1. Lesser vestibular glands/paraurethral: secrete onto vestibular surface for moisture
  2. Greater vestibular glands: activated during sexual arousal for mucous gland discharge
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15
Q

What is the vestibular bulbs

A

Masses of erectile tissue on either side of vaginal enterance (same as corpus spongiosum)

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16
Q

What is the clitoris formed from

A

Corpora cavernosa

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17
Q

What is the vagina

A

Muscular tube extending posterosuperiorly form external vaginal orifice to cervix

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18
Q

What 2 structures can be found in the vaginal canal

A
  1. Fornix: shallow recess in vagina at the top of the cervix
  2. Rugae that allows for extension
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19
Q

What is the hymen

A

Elastic epithelial fold that partially block entrance to vagina

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20
Q

What is located anteriorly, posteriorly & laterally to the vagina

A

Anterior: bladder & urethra
Posterior: rectouterine pouch, rectum & anal canal
Lateral: ureters & levator ani muscle

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21
Q

What is the 3 functions of the vagina

A

Sexual intercourse: receive penis & ejaculate assisting w/ transport to uterus
Childbirth: expands to provide a channel for delivery
Menstruation: canal for menstrual fluid & tissue to leave the body

22
Q

What is the 4 structures in the uterine cavity

A

Uterine cavity: large superior cavity continuous w/ isthmus of uterine tube
Internal os: opening connecting uterine cavity to cervical canal
Cervical canal: constricted pass a way at inferior end of uterine cavity
External os: curving vaginal opening into uterus

23
Q

What is the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

24
Q

What is the 3 regions of the uterus

A

Fundus: rounded portion superior to opening of uterine tubes
Body: largest portion of uterus ending at constriction encircling internal os
Cervix: inferior portion of uterus surrounding cervical canal & projects into vagina

25
What is the 3 functions of the uterus
Provide nutritional support & waste removal for embryo & fetus Provide mechanical support Muscular wall to contract during delivery
26
What is the 2 pouches
Recto-uterine pouch: pocket between posterior uterus & anterior colon Vesicle-uterine pouch: pocket between uterus & posterior bladder wall
27
What is 2 functions of the ligaments
Support viscera Provide passage for neurovascular structures
28
What is the 3 types of ligaments
Broad, ovarian & uterine
29
What is the broad ligament
Flat sheet of peritoneum associated with uterus, fallopian tubes & ovaries
30
What 3 structures are found within the broad ligaments
Ovarian ligament, round ligament of uterus & suspensory ligament
31
What is the 3 parts of the broad ligament
Mesometrium: surrounds uterus Mesovarium: associated with ovaries & encloses neurovascular structures Mesoalpinx: encloses fallopian tubes
32
What is the spam of the broad ligament
Extends from lateral pelvic wall on both sides & folds over internal female genitalia covering anterior & posterior surfaces
33
What is the extend of the round ligament
Originate at uterine horns & attach to labia majora through inguinal canal (inguinal herniation)
34
What is the uterine tube
Hollow muscular structure with ciliated epithelium
35
What is the 4 parts of the uterine tube
Fimbraie: finger like ciliated projections which captures ovum form surface of ovary Infundibulum: funnel shaped opening near ovary where fimbriae attach Ampulla: widest section were fertilization occur Isthmus: narrow section of uterine tubes connecting ampulla to uterine cavity
36
What is the 3 functions of the ovary
Production of immature female gametes (oocyte) Secretion of female sex hormones Secretion of inhibin
37
What is the 2 ligaments of the ovary & extend
Suspensory ligament: from mesovarium to pelvic wall with neurovascular structures & blood vessel Ligament of ovary extends from ovary to fundus of uterus
38
What is the 3 uterine ligaments
Pubocervical ligament Transversal cervical Uterosacral ligament
39
What is the function of the mammary glands
Provide nourishment for developing infant under control of hormones released by reproductive tract & placenta
40
What is the structure of the mammary gland
Anterior chest over pectoralis major Embedded in subcutaneous tissue of pectoral fat pad deep to skin Suspensory ligament (band of dense connective tissue) that surrounds duct system & form partitions between lobes & lobules
41
What is the flow of mammary glands
Lobes into secretory lobules with secretory alveoli into lactiferous duct forming lactiferous sinus & 15-20 open onto the nipple
42
What is the areola
Reddish brown skin around the nipple w/ grainy texture form sebaceous glands deep to surface
43
What is the blood supply to the female reproductive tract
Rich blood supply to ovaries, uterine tubes & vagina Form internal iliac artery into visceral & parietal branches
44
What is the innervation of female reproductive tract
Pudendal nerve
45
What is the lymphatic drainage
Internal iliac lymph nodes to external iliac lymph node to sacral lymph node to common iliac lymph node to lumbar lymph node
46
Where is the urethra located & opening called
Into vestibule 2.5cm below clitoris & above vaginal opening Urethral meatus
47
What is 6 ways of fertility prevention
Oral contraceptive Female sterilization Female condom Injectable progestin IUD Diaphragm
48
Where is the insertion to an IUD
Above internal os w/ string exiting external os
49
Where is the diaphragm inserted
At the fornex
50
What is an episiotomy
Cut at the superficial peritoneal pouch to prevent uncontrolled tearing when expedite delivery to protect pelvic diaphragm
51
What is 9 differences between female & male pelvic (general, illium, sacrum, iliac fossa, inlet, outlet, coccyx, acetabulum, obturator foramen & pubic angle)
**General** male narrower, rougher & more robust & female broader, smoother & less robust **Illium** male more vertical & further superior & female less vertical & less superior **Sacrum** male long narrow triangle & female broad & short triangle **Illiac fossa** male deep & female shallower **Pelvic inlet** male narrow heart shape * female open & circular **Pelic outlet** male narrow & female wider **Coccyx** male point anteriorly & female inferior LH **Acetabulum** male directly lateral & female slightly anteriorly **Obturator foramen** male oval & female triangular **Pubic angle** male less than 90 & female 100+

Case 12: Female Reproductive System (8 decks)

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