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Case 12: Female Reproductive System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the female reproductive tract located

A

W/i the pelvis supported by ligaments

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2
Q

What is the 3 parts of the female reproductive tract

A
  1. External genitalia: vulva
  2. Internal genitalia: ovaries, uterine tube, uterus & vagina
  3. Mammary glands
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3
Q

What forms part of the vulva

A

Mons pubis
Labia minora & majora
Vestibule
Glands
Clitoris

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4
Q

What i the 2 functions of the female gonads

A

Produce gametes & hormones

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5
Q

Where is the normal site of fertilization & development

A

Fertilization: uterine tubes
Site of development: uterus

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6
Q

What is the 5 functions of female reproductive tract

A
  1. Produce sex hormones
  2. Produce gametes
  3. Protect & support developing embryo
  4. Nourish newborn infants
  5. Maintain growing fetus
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7
Q

What is 3 functions of the vulva

A
  1. Act as sensory tissue during sexual intercourse
  2. Assists in micturition by directing flow of urine
  3. Protect internal female reproductive tract form infection
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8
Q

What is the mons pubis

A

Rounded hair bearing are of skin & adipose tissue over pubic symphysis & adjacent pubic bone

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9
Q

What is the appearance of the mons pubis before & after puberty & menopause

A

Before: flat & hairless & labia minora is poorly formed
After: prominent w/ coarse hair
Menopause: atrophies slightly

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10
Q

What is the labia majora

A

2 hair bearing folds of skin encircling labia minora & adjacent structure
Forming posterior commissure

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11
Q

What is the labia minora

A

2 hairless folds of skin w/i labia majora

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12
Q

What does the labia minora form anteriorly & posteriorly

A

Anteriorly: clitoral hood
Posteriorly: fourchette

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13
Q

What is the vestibule

A

Central space bounded by labia minora

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14
Q

What is the 2 vestibule glands

A
  1. Lesser vestibular glands/paraurethral: secrete onto vestibular surface for moisture
  2. Greater vestibular glands: activated during sexual arousal for mucous gland discharge
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15
Q

What is the vestibular bulbs

A

Masses of erectile tissue on either side of vaginal enterance (same as corpus spongiosum)

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16
Q

What is the clitoris formed from

A

Corpora cavernosa

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17
Q

What is the vagina

A

Muscular tube extending posterosuperiorly form external vaginal orifice to cervix

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18
Q

What 2 structures can be found in the vaginal canal

A
  1. Fornix: shallow recess in vagina at the top of the cervix
  2. Rugae that allows for extension
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19
Q

What is the hymen

A

Elastic epithelial fold that partially block entrance to vagina

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20
Q

What is located anteriorly, posteriorly & laterally to the vagina

A

Anterior: bladder & urethra
Posterior: rectouterine pouch, rectum & anal canal
Lateral: ureters & levator ani muscle

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21
Q

What is the 3 functions of the vagina

A

Sexual intercourse: receive penis & ejaculate assisting w/ transport to uterus
Childbirth: expands to provide a channel for delivery
Menstruation: canal for menstrual fluid & tissue to leave the body

22
Q

What is the 4 structures in the uterine cavity

A

Uterine cavity: large superior cavity continuous w/ isthmus of uterine tube
Internal os: opening connecting uterine cavity to cervical canal
Cervical canal: constricted pass a way at inferior end of uterine cavity
External os: curving vaginal opening into uterus

23
Q

What is the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

24
Q

What is the 3 regions of the uterus

A

Fundus: rounded portion superior to opening of uterine tubes
Body: largest portion of uterus ending at constriction encircling internal os
Cervix: inferior portion of uterus surrounding cervical canal & projects into vagina

25
Q

What is the 3 functions of the uterus

A

Provide nutritional support & waste removal for embryo & fetus
Provide mechanical support
Muscular wall to contract during delivery

26
Q

What is the 2 pouches

A

Recto-uterine pouch: pocket between posterior uterus & anterior colon
Vesicle-uterine pouch: pocket between uterus & posterior bladder wall

27
Q

What is 2 functions of the ligaments

A

Support viscera
Provide passage for neurovascular structures

28
Q

What is the 3 types of ligaments

A

Broad, ovarian & uterine

29
Q

What is the broad ligament

A

Flat sheet of peritoneum associated with uterus, fallopian tubes & ovaries

30
Q

What 3 structures are found within the broad ligaments

A

Ovarian ligament, round ligament of uterus & suspensory ligament

31
Q

What is the 3 parts of the broad ligament

A

Mesometrium: surrounds uterus
Mesovarium: associated with ovaries & encloses neurovascular structures
Mesoalpinx: encloses fallopian tubes

32
Q

What is the spam of the broad ligament

A

Extends from lateral pelvic wall on both sides & folds over internal female genitalia covering anterior & posterior surfaces

33
Q

What is the extend of the round ligament

A

Originate at uterine horns & attach to labia majora through inguinal canal (inguinal herniation)

34
Q

What is the uterine tube

A

Hollow muscular structure with ciliated epithelium

35
Q

What is the 4 parts of the uterine tube

A

Fimbraie: finger like ciliated projections which captures ovum form surface of ovary
Infundibulum: funnel shaped opening near ovary where fimbriae attach
Ampulla: widest section were fertilization occur
Isthmus: narrow section of uterine tubes connecting ampulla to uterine cavity

36
Q

What is the 3 functions of the ovary

A

Production of immature female gametes (oocyte)
Secretion of female sex hormones
Secretion of inhibin

37
Q

What is the 2 ligaments of the ovary & extend

A

Suspensory ligament: from mesovarium to pelvic wall with neurovascular structures & blood vessel
Ligament of ovary extends from ovary to fundus of uterus

38
Q

What is the 3 uterine ligaments

A

Pubocervical ligament
Transversal cervical
Uterosacral ligament

39
Q

What is the function of the mammary glands

A

Provide nourishment for developing infant under control of hormones released by reproductive tract & placenta

40
Q

What is the structure of the mammary gland

A

Anterior chest over pectoralis major
Embedded in subcutaneous tissue of pectoral fat pad deep to skin
Suspensory ligament (band of dense connective tissue) that surrounds duct system & form partitions between lobes & lobules

41
Q

What is the flow of mammary glands

A

Lobes into secretory lobules with secretory alveoli into lactiferous duct forming lactiferous sinus & 15-20 open onto the nipple

42
Q

What is the areola

A

Reddish brown skin around the nipple w/ grainy texture form sebaceous glands deep to surface

43
Q

What is the blood supply to the female reproductive tract

A

Rich blood supply to ovaries, uterine tubes & vagina
Form internal iliac artery into visceral & parietal branches

44
Q

What is the innervation of female reproductive tract

A

Pudendal nerve

45
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage

A

Internal iliac lymph nodes to external iliac lymph node to sacral lymph node to common iliac lymph node to lumbar lymph node

46
Q

Where is the urethra located & opening called

A

Into vestibule 2.5cm below clitoris & above vaginal opening
Urethral meatus

47
Q

What is 6 ways of fertility prevention

A

Oral contraceptive
Female sterilization
Female condom
Injectable progestin
IUD
Diaphragm

48
Q

Where is the insertion to an IUD

A

Above internal os w/ string exiting external os

49
Q

Where is the diaphragm inserted

A

At the fornex

50
Q

What is an episiotomy

A

Cut at the superficial peritoneal pouch to prevent uncontrolled tearing when expedite delivery to protect pelvic diaphragm

51
Q

What is 9 differences between female & male pelvic (general, illium, sacrum, iliac fossa, inlet, outlet, coccyx, acetabulum, obturator foramen & pubic angle)

A

General male narrower, rougher & more robust & female broader, smoother & less robust
Illium male more vertical & further superior & female less vertical & less superior
Sacrum male long narrow triangle & female broad & short triangle
Illiac fossa male deep & female shallower
Pelvic inlet male narrow heart shape * female open & circular
Pelic outlet male narrow & female wider
Coccyx male point anteriorly & female inferior LH
Acetabulum male directly lateral & female slightly anteriorly
Obturator foramen male oval & female triangular
Pubic angle male less than 90 & female 100+

Case 12: Female Reproductive System (10 decks)

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