Anatomy Flashcards
Where is the female reproductive tract located
W/i the pelvis supported by ligaments
What is the 3 parts of the female reproductive tract
- External genitalia: vulva
- Internal genitalia: ovaries, uterine tube, uterus & vagina
- Mammary glands
What forms part of the vulva
Mons pubis
Labia minora & majora
Vestibule
Glands
Clitoris
What i the 2 functions of the female gonads
Produce gametes & hormones
Where is the normal site of fertilization & development
Fertilization: uterine tubes
Site of development: uterus
What is the 5 functions of female reproductive tract
- Produce sex hormones
- Produce gametes
- Protect & support developing embryo
- Nourish newborn infants
- Maintain growing fetus
What is 3 functions of the vulva
- Act as sensory tissue during sexual intercourse
- Assists in micturition by directing flow of urine
- Protect internal female reproductive tract form infection
What is the mons pubis
Rounded hair bearing are of skin & adipose tissue over pubic symphysis & adjacent pubic bone
What is the appearance of the mons pubis before & after puberty & menopause
Before: flat & hairless & labia minora is poorly formed
After: prominent w/ coarse hair
Menopause: atrophies slightly
What is the labia majora
2 hair bearing folds of skin encircling labia minora & adjacent structure
Forming posterior commissure
What is the labia minora
2 hairless folds of skin w/i labia majora
What does the labia minora form anteriorly & posteriorly
Anteriorly: clitoral hood
Posteriorly: fourchette
What is the vestibule
Central space bounded by labia minora
What is the 2 vestibule glands
- Lesser vestibular glands/paraurethral: secrete onto vestibular surface for moisture
- Greater vestibular glands: activated during sexual arousal for mucous gland discharge
What is the vestibular bulbs
Masses of erectile tissue on either side of vaginal enterance (same as corpus spongiosum)
What is the clitoris formed from
Corpora cavernosa
What is the vagina
Muscular tube extending posterosuperiorly form external vaginal orifice to cervix
What 2 structures can be found in the vaginal canal
- Fornix: shallow recess in vagina at the top of the cervix
- Rugae that allows for extension
What is the hymen
Elastic epithelial fold that partially block entrance to vagina
What is located anteriorly, posteriorly & laterally to the vagina
Anterior: bladder & urethra
Posterior: rectouterine pouch, rectum & anal canal
Lateral: ureters & levator ani muscle
What is the 3 functions of the vagina
Sexual intercourse: receive penis & ejaculate assisting w/ transport to uterus
Childbirth: expands to provide a channel for delivery
Menstruation: canal for menstrual fluid & tissue to leave the body
What is the 4 structures in the uterine cavity
Uterine cavity: large superior cavity continuous w/ isthmus of uterine tube
Internal os: opening connecting uterine cavity to cervical canal
Cervical canal: constricted pass a way at inferior end of uterine cavity
External os: curving vaginal opening into uterus
What is the 3 layers of the uterine wall
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What is the 3 regions of the uterus
Fundus: rounded portion superior to opening of uterine tubes
Body: largest portion of uterus ending at constriction encircling internal os
Cervix: inferior portion of uterus surrounding cervical canal & projects into vagina
What is the 3 functions of the uterus
Provide nutritional support & waste removal for embryo & fetus
Provide mechanical support
Muscular wall to contract during delivery
What is the 2 pouches
Recto-uterine pouch: pocket between posterior uterus & anterior colon
Vesicle-uterine pouch: pocket between uterus & posterior bladder wall
What is 2 functions of the ligaments
Support viscera
Provide passage for neurovascular structures
What is the 3 types of ligaments
Broad, ovarian & uterine
What is the broad ligament
Flat sheet of peritoneum associated with uterus, fallopian tubes & ovaries
What 3 structures are found within the broad ligaments
Ovarian ligament, round ligament of uterus & suspensory ligament
What is the 3 parts of the broad ligament
Mesometrium: surrounds uterus
Mesovarium: associated with ovaries & encloses neurovascular structures
Mesoalpinx: encloses fallopian tubes
What is the spam of the broad ligament
Extends from lateral pelvic wall on both sides & folds over internal female genitalia covering anterior & posterior surfaces
What is the extend of the round ligament
Originate at uterine horns & attach to labia majora through inguinal canal (inguinal herniation)
What is the uterine tube
Hollow muscular structure with ciliated epithelium
What is the 4 parts of the uterine tube
Fimbraie: finger like ciliated projections which captures ovum form surface of ovary
Infundibulum: funnel shaped opening near ovary where fimbriae attach
Ampulla: widest section were fertilization occur
Isthmus: narrow section of uterine tubes connecting ampulla to uterine cavity
What is the 3 functions of the ovary
Production of immature female gametes (oocyte)
Secretion of female sex hormones
Secretion of inhibin
What is the 2 ligaments of the ovary & extend
Suspensory ligament: from mesovarium to pelvic wall with neurovascular structures & blood vessel
Ligament of ovary extends from ovary to fundus of uterus
What is the 3 uterine ligaments
Pubocervical ligament
Transversal cervical
Uterosacral ligament
What is the function of the mammary glands
Provide nourishment for developing infant under control of hormones released by reproductive tract & placenta
What is the structure of the mammary gland
Anterior chest over pectoralis major
Embedded in subcutaneous tissue of pectoral fat pad deep to skin
Suspensory ligament (band of dense connective tissue) that surrounds duct system & form partitions between lobes & lobules
What is the flow of mammary glands
Lobes into secretory lobules with secretory alveoli into lactiferous duct forming lactiferous sinus & 15-20 open onto the nipple
What is the areola
Reddish brown skin around the nipple w/ grainy texture form sebaceous glands deep to surface
What is the blood supply to the female reproductive tract
Rich blood supply to ovaries, uterine tubes & vagina
Form internal iliac artery into visceral & parietal branches
What is the innervation of female reproductive tract
Pudendal nerve
What is the lymphatic drainage
Internal iliac lymph nodes to external iliac lymph node to sacral lymph node to common iliac lymph node to lumbar lymph node
Where is the urethra located & opening called
Into vestibule 2.5cm below clitoris & above vaginal opening
Urethral meatus
What is 6 ways of fertility prevention
Oral contraceptive
Female sterilization
Female condom
Injectable progestin
IUD
Diaphragm
Where is the insertion to an IUD
Above internal os w/ string exiting external os
Where is the diaphragm inserted
At the fornex
What is an episiotomy
Cut at the superficial peritoneal pouch to prevent uncontrolled tearing when expedite delivery to protect pelvic diaphragm
What is 9 differences between female & male pelvic (general, illium, sacrum, iliac fossa, inlet, outlet, coccyx, acetabulum, obturator foramen & pubic angle)
General male narrower, rougher & more robust & female broader, smoother & less robust
Illium male more vertical & further superior & female less vertical & less superior
Sacrum male long narrow triangle & female broad & short triangle
Illiac fossa male deep & female shallower
Pelvic inlet male narrow heart shape * female open & circular
Pelic outlet male narrow & female wider
Coccyx male point anteriorly & female inferior LH
Acetabulum male directly lateral & female slightly anteriorly
Obturator foramen male oval & female triangular
Pubic angle male less than 90 & female 100+
