Anatomy Flashcards
What is muscle?
Bands or bundles of fibrous tissue to affect movement and strength.
What is bone?
Bone is hard white tissue making up the skeleton to provide structural/mechanical support, store energy and production of blood cells. The matrix of bones are made of calcium, phosphate and collagen.
What is Facia?
Facia is a layer of fibrous tissue system that generally supports, stabilizes and cushions organs, bones, and muscles. It creates space through which delicate nerves, blood vessels and fluids pass.
What are e 4 major bone types?
There are 206 bones in the body and they are Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones and Irregular Bones.
What does Osteoporosis mean?
Decease of bone mass which results in brittle bones
Name one cause of Osteoporosis.
Decrease in calcium
What assist bones in producing osteoblasts to reduce/prevent osteoporosis?
Weight bearing exercise, vitamin c, vitamin d, estrogen
Where are Gliding Joints?
Wrist, Ankles (two bone plates that glide against one another)
Where are Hinge Joints?
Fingers, toes, knees, elbow (open and close)
Where are Pivot Joint?
Neck, Elbow (allows rotating movement)
Where are Ellipsoidal Joints?
Wrists, Feet
Where is Saddle Joint?
Thumb (allows thumb to move)
Where are the Ball and Socket Joints?
Hip, Shoulder (these joints allow for forward, backwards, circular movement)
What does ACL stand for?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
What does ACL do?
Provides mobility and stability to the knee
How can the ACL be damaged?
- Overextending the knee
- A hard hit to the side of the knee
- Quickly stop moving and changing directions while running
- Landing from a jump, turning
What is PCL?
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
What does PCL do?
Holds the knee in place and provides stability to the knee
How can PCL be damaged?
- Hyper extension of the knee
2. Rotational stress
What is the Meniscus?
The Meniscus is a rubbery C-shaped cartilage that cushions and stabilizes the knee joint
What is a meniscus tear?
A rupture of the cartilage
What does the Thymus do?
Generates white blood cells. Infantile defense system.
What does the Pituitary gland do?
secretes hormones that regulate and stabilize bodily processes
What does the Thyroid and Parathyroid gland do?
Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, body temp.
Parathyroid produce hormones that help calcium and phosphate
What do the Kidneys do?
Filters blood, controls body fluid balance, regulates the balance of electrolytes
What does the Pancreas do?
Produces important hormones and secretes digestive enzymes
What is the function of the Liver?
Detoxifies, synthesizes protein, produces
biochemicals necessary for digestion and glycogen release
What is the function of the Adrenal Glands?
Produce various hormones that trigger chemical activity in various system
What is the function of the Transverse colon?
Absorbs water and salts
What is the function of the Descending colon?
Stores food that will be emptied into colon.
What is the function of the Ascending colon?
Extracts water and other key nutrients from waste material and recycles back into body
What is the function of Sigmoid colon?
Expels solid and gaseous waste
What is the function of the Pineal gland?
Produces several different hormones including melatonin, connects endocrine system with the nervous system
What is the function of the heart?
Pumps blood throughout blood vessels by repeated rhythmic contractions
What is the function of the lungs?
Gas exchange. Transports oxygen from atmosphere into bloodstream and releases carbon dioxide from bloodstream into the atmosphere
What is the function of the uterus?
Womb, develops babies
What is the function of the bladder?
Stores urine
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Aid mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile
What is the function of the small intestine?
Digestion and absorption of food
