Anatomy Flashcards
Erb-Duchenne’s palsy?
Injury to upper trunk - C5, C6 (brachial plexus)
Causes waiter’s tip
(internally rotated arm with fingers pointed backwards)
Can be caused by clavicle fracture at birth
Divisions of the brachial plexus?
READ THAT DAMN CADAVER BOOK
Roots (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Trunks (sup, middle, inf)
Divisions (anterior or posterior)
Cords (lat, post, medial)
Branches (NERVES: musculocutaneous, axillary, median, radial, ulnar)
Rotator cuff muscles (of shoulder)
SITS:
-
Supraspinatus (supplied by suprascapular nerve)
Abduction from 0-15 degrees -
Infraspinatus (supplied by suprascapular nerve)
External rotation of shoulder -
Teres minor (supplied by axillary nerve)
External rotation of shoulder + adduction -
Subscapularis (supplied by subscapular nerves)
Internal rotation of shoulder + adduction
Muscles responsible for shoulder abduction? (0-180 degrees)
- 0-15 degrees: supraspinatus
- 15-90: deltoid (supplied by axillary nerve)
- 90-180: trapezius + serratous anterior
Effect of humerus fracture @ surgical neck
Axillary nerve injury
Loss of deltoid shoulder abduction 15-90 degrees = flat shoulder
Effect of humerus fracture @ midshaft region
Wrist drop = loss of wrist extension
Effect of humerus fracture @ supracondyle region (just above elbow joint)
Ulnar nerve injury
= claw hand
Carpal bones of the hand?
Some - scaphoid
Lovers - lunate
Try - triquetrum
Positions - pisiform
That - trapezium
They - trapezoid
Can’t - capitate
Handle - hamate
3 joints in hands?
DIP - distal interphalangeal joint
PIP - proximal interphalangeal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Components running through carpal tunnel?
Median nerve
- 9 tendons:
- tendon of flexor pollicis longus
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorium profundus
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome?
- (Tinel’s Sign)
Tapping the nerve in the carpal tunnel to elicit pain in median nerve distribution
(Phalen’smanoeuvre)
- Holding the wrist in flexion for 60 seconds to elicit numbness/pain in median nerve distribution
3 bones of each hip bone?
Pubic bone
Ilium
Ischium
=> fuse at the acetabulum
Ligaments that stabilise the hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Muscle that unlocks the knee for flexion?
A small muscle called popliteus is responsible for ‘unlocking’ the knee by rotating the femur back again to permit flexion.
Ligaments of the knee?
1) COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS
- medial collateral => connects femur to tibia
- lateral collateral => connects femur to fibula
2) CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
- anterior (ACL) ⇒ prevents tibia moving anteriorly relative to the femur.
- posterior (PCL) ⇒ prevents the tibia moving posteriorly relative to the femur.
Tarsal bones? (foot)
(TIGER CUBS NEED MILC)
- talus
- calcaneus (heel bone)
- navicular
- three cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, and lateral).
- cuboid
Metatarsal bones?
The metatarsals are numbered 1 – 5 from the medial (great toe) side to the lateral (little toe) side.
AFTER METATARSALS:
The bones of the digits (toes) are phalanges (singular = phalanx).
Muscle innervated by ulnar nerve in upper limb?
- hand muscles (except thenar muscles + 2 lateral lumbricals)
- forearm muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris + medial half of flexor digitorum profundus)
What muscles does the median nerve innervate in hand?
MEAT LOAF
MEAT = median nerve
L = 2 lateral lumbricals
OAF = thenar muscles (see individual names OAF)
- opponens pollicis
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
Thenar muscles + roles
THUMB = POLLICIS
OAF
- opponens pollicis (opposes thumb)
- abductor pollicis brevis (abducts thumb)
- flexor pollicis brevis (flexes thumb)
Hypothenar muscles + roles
PINKY = DIGITI MINIMI
OAF
- opponens digiti minimi
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
Two types of interosseus muscles + roles?
- dorsal interossei (back of hand) - abduct
- palmar interossei (palm of hand) - adduct
PAD + DAB (palmar = adduct / dorsal = abduct)
Connective tissue band around carpal tunnel (in wrist)?
Flexor retinaculum
Arterial supply to pelvis?
Left and right INTERNAL ILIAC arteries.