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Phase 2a > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Erb-Duchenne’s palsy?

A

Injury to upper trunk - C5, C6 (brachial plexus)
Causes waiter’s tip
(internally rotated arm with fingers pointed backwards)

Can be caused by clavicle fracture at birth

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1
Q

Divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

READ THAT DAMN CADAVER BOOK

Roots (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
Trunks (sup, middle, inf)
Divisions (anterior or posterior)
Cords (lat, post, medial)
Branches (NERVES: musculocutaneous, axillary, median, radial, ulnar)

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2
Q

Rotator cuff muscles (of shoulder)

A

SITS:

  • Supraspinatus (supplied by suprascapular nerve)
    Abduction from 0-15 degrees
  • Infraspinatus (supplied by suprascapular nerve)
    External rotation of shoulder
  • Teres minor (supplied by axillary nerve)
    External rotation of shoulder + adduction
  • Subscapularis (supplied by subscapular nerves)
    Internal rotation of shoulder + adduction
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3
Q

Muscles responsible for shoulder abduction? (0-180 degrees)

A
  • 0-15 degrees: supraspinatus
  • 15-90: deltoid (supplied by axillary nerve)
  • 90-180: trapezius + serratous anterior
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4
Q

Effect of humerus fracture @ surgical neck

A

Axillary nerve injury
Loss of deltoid shoulder abduction 15-90 degrees = flat shoulder

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5
Q

Effect of humerus fracture @ midshaft region

A

Wrist drop = loss of wrist extension

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6
Q

Effect of humerus fracture @ supracondyle region (just above elbow joint)

A

Ulnar nerve injury
= claw hand

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7
Q

Carpal bones of the hand?

A

Some - scaphoid
Lovers - lunate
Try - triquetrum
Positions - pisiform
That - trapezium
They - trapezoid
Can’t - capitate
Handle - hamate

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8
Q

3 joints in hands?

A

DIP - distal interphalangeal joint
PIP - proximal interphalangeal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint

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9
Q

Components running through carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve
- 9 tendons:
- tendon of flexor pollicis longus
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorium profundus
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

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10
Q

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • (Tinel’s Sign)
    Tapping the nerve in the carpal tunnel to elicit pain in median nerve distribution

(Phalen’smanoeuvre)
- Holding the wrist in flexion for 60 seconds to elicit numbness/pain in median nerve distribution

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11
Q

3 bones of each hip bone?

A

Pubic bone
Ilium
Ischium
=> fuse at the acetabulum

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12
Q

Ligaments that stabilise the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

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13
Q

Muscle that unlocks the knee for flexion?

A

A small muscle called popliteus is responsible for ‘unlocking’ the knee by rotating the femur back again to permit flexion.

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14
Q

Ligaments of the knee?

A

1) COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS
- medial collateral => connects femur to tibia
- lateral collateral => connects femur to fibula

2) CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
- anterior (ACL) ⇒ prevents tibia moving anteriorly relative to the femur.
- posterior (PCL) ⇒ prevents the tibia moving posteriorly relative to the femur.

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15
Q

Tarsal bones? (foot)

A

(TIGER CUBS NEED MILC)

  • talus
  • calcaneus (heel bone)
  • navicular
  • three cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, and lateral).
  • cuboid
16
Q

Metatarsal bones?

A

The metatarsals are numbered 1 – 5 from the medial (great toe) side to the lateral (little toe) side.

AFTER METATARSALS:
The bones of the digits (toes) are phalanges (singular = phalanx).

17
Q

Muscle innervate of ulnar nerve in upper limb?

A
  • hand muscles (except thenar muscles + 2 lateral lumbricals)
  • forearm muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris + medial half of flexor digitorum profundus)
18
Q

What does median nerve innervate in upper limb?

A

MEAT LOAF

MEAT = median
L = 2 lateral lumbricals
OAF = thenar muscles (see individual names OAF)

19
Q

Thenar muscles + roles

A

THUMB = POLICIS

  • opponens pollicis (opposes thumb)
  • abductor pollicis brevis (abducts thumb)
  • flexor pollicis brevis (flexes thumb)
20
Q

Hypothenar muscles + roles

A

PINKY = DIGITI MINIMI

  • opponens digiti minimi
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
21
Q

Two types of interosseus muscles + roles?

A
  • dorsal interossei (back of hand) - abduct
  • palmar interossei (palm of hand) - adduct

PAD + DAB (palmar = adduct / dorsal = abduct)

22
Q

Connective tissue band around carpal tunnel (in wrist)?

A

Flexor retinaculum

23
Q

Arterial supply to pelvis?

A

Left and right INTERNAL ILIAC arteries.

24
Q

Key branches of the internal iliac arteries are the:

A
  • Vesical arteries - supply the bladder in both sexes, and the prostate and seminal vesicles in males.
  • Uterine and vaginal arteries in females.
  • Middle rectal artery - supplies the rectum.
  • Internal pudendal artery - exits the pelvis to supply the perineum.
  • Superior and inferior gluteal arteries exit the pelvis to supply the gluteal region.
  • Obturator artery – exits the pelvis to supply the lower limb.
25
Q

Role of obturator artery?

A

Exits the pelvis to supply the lower limb.
(branch of internal iliac artery)

26
Q

Role of internal pudendal artery?

A

Exits the pelvis to supply the perineum.

27
Q

Nerve innervating anterior thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

28
Q

Nerve innervating medial thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

29
Q

Nerve innervating posterior thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve (branches = tibial nerve + common fibular branch)

30
Q

Roles + muscles of anterior thigh?

A

Flexor of hip, extensor of knee/leg

  • Quadriceps femoris – a group of four large muscles.
  • Sartorius
  • Pectineus
  • Iliopsoas (psoas major + iliacus)
31
Q

Roles + muscles of medial thigh?

A

Adducts the thigh

  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor longus
  • ## Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
  • Obturator externus
32
Q

Roles + muscles of posterior thigh?

A

Extensor of hip + flexor of the knee

  • Semimembranosus & semitendinosus
    (tibial nerve branch of sciatic nerve)
  • Biceps femoris (common fibular branch of sciatic nerve)
  • Hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial nerve branch of sciatic nerve)
33
Q

Lumbosacral plexus - lumbar vs sacral plexus?

A

LUMBAR PLEXUS:
- Pudendal nerve
- Sciatic nerve (branches = tibial nerve + common fibular nerve)

SACRAL PLEXUS:
- Femoral nerve
- Obtruator nerve

34
Q

Lumbar plexus?

A
  • Obturator nerve
  • Femoral nerve
    (other nerves too, but not as important?)

=> thigh adduction + hip flexor + knee/leg extension

35
Q

Sacral plexus?

A

SP = S + P

Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve

=> gluteal region + posterior thigh + all of lower leg

Phase 2a (7 decks)

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