Anatomy Flashcards
A DVT (deep venous thrombosis) originating in the posterior tibial vein has extended to the level of the inguinal ligament. Further proximal progression will extend the thrombus into which vein next?
A. Common iliac
B. Deep femoral (profunda femoris)
C. External iliac
D. Femoral
E. Greatsaphenous
C. External iliac
A patient presents with pain on active flexion of the hip. Which muscle is the most likely source of the pain?
A. Gluteus medius
B. Iliopsoas
C. Piriformis
D. Sartorius
E. Semitendinosus
B. Iliopsoas
A patient presents with anaesthesia in the first web space only. Which part of the nervous system is most likely to be functioning abnormally?
A. Deep fibular nerve
B. Internal capsule of brain
C. L5 posterior nerve root
D. Superficial fibular nerve
E. Tibialnerve
A. Deep fibular nerve
On review at the fracture clinic, a patient presents with inability to extend the left wrist joint. You also find paraesthesia of the skin of the posterior forearm and hand. Which fracture is most likely to cause this clinical picture?
A. Fracture of anatomical neck of humerus
B. Fracture of olecranon
C. Fracture of surgical neck of humerus
D. Midshaft fracture of humerus
E. Supracondylar fracture of humerus
D. Midshaft fracture of humerus
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus causes __________ injury
Axillary nerve
Which of these structures would be transected as a consequence of a standard laminectomy procedure?
A. Annulus fibrosus
B. Anterior longitudinal ligament
C. Dura mater
D. Ligamentum flavum
E. Posteriorlongitudinalligament
D. Ligamentum flavum
The “ankle jerk” (calcaneal tendon) reflex specifically tests which named nerve/spinal nerve roots?
A. Common fibular nerve/L5
B. Deep fibular nerve/L5
C. Saphenous nerve/L3,4
D. Lateral plantar nerve/S1,2
E. Tibial nerve/S1,2
E. Tibial nerve/S1,2
Dave is running forward during a basketball game when he ‘goes over’ on his ankle. On examination in A&E, you find an inversion injury to his right ankle. Which injury is most likely?
A. Achilles tendon rupture
B. Avulsion fracture of medial malleolus
C. Rupture of anterior talofibular ligament
D. Rupture of calcaneofibular ligament
E. Rupture of deltoid ligament
C. Rupture of anterior talofibular ligament
Angela has had severe left sciatica for 4 weeks. Which one of these signs is likely?
A. Reduced/absent knee jerk
B. Decreased power of hip flexion
C. Decreased power of plantar flexion
D. Impaired sensation on medial side of thigh
E. Impaired sensation on medial side of leg
C. Decreased power of plantar flexion
Sciatic nerve branches into…..
Tibial and common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve is responsible for…..
Posterior compartment of leg which controls plantarflexion
A patient complains of pins and needles in his right little finger and adjacent palm, and ‘weakness’ of his right hand. On examination, you find wasting of the muscles between the metacarpal bones of his right hand dorsally and flattening of the anteromedial border of the forearm. In which region is the affected nerve most likely to be compressed?
A. Carpal tunnel
B. Cubital tunnel
C. Guyon’s canal
D. Tarsal tunnel
E. Thoracic outlet
B. Cubital tunnel
Which injury/insult is a cause of left foot drop?
A. Fractured left neck of femur
B. Fractured left neck of fibula
C. Left femoral nerve compression
D. Ruptured left Achilles tendon
E. Stroke affecting right internal capsule of brain
B. Fractured left neck of fibula
A 45-year-old man presents with an uncomfortable swelling visible and palpable in relation to the medial aspect of the knee. In which structure is the pathology most likely to be?
A. Great (long) saphenous vein
B. Tibial nerve
C. Small (short) saphenous vein
D. Biceps femoris tendonitis
E. Popliteal artery
A. Great (long) saphenous vein
A patient in a road traffic accident has sustained a severe compression injury to the lower limb. Compartment syndrome is the definitive diagnosis. In compartment syndrome pain is maximal on stretching the muscles within the affected compartment. On examination constant and severe pain is noted, maximal on testing the function of the muscles supplied by the tibial nerve, with no relief at all from 30mg morphine IV. Which compartment of the lower limb is affected?
A. Anterior compartment of leg
B. Lateral compartment of leg
C. Medial compartment of thigh
D. Posterior compartment of thigh
E. Posterior compartment of the leg
E. Posterior compartment of the leg
It is noted during a lower limb examination that when the patient is asked to stand on their right leg, their pelvis tips inferiorly towards their left side. Which one of the options below would give this sign?
A. Ankylosing spondylitis
B. Iliopsoas sprain
C. Congenital hip dislocation
D. Femoral hernia
E. Osteoporotic fracture of L1
C. Congenitial hip dislocation
_____________ and _____________ arteries supply the abductors of the hip
Superior and inferior gluteal
Mark (aged 24yrs) has sustained a closed fracture of his mid-shaft tibia when he was knocked down by a car travelling at 40mph. His fracture has been immobilised in a below-knee Plaster-of-Paris back-slab and he has been admitted to the Orthopaedic Ward. The nursing staff on nightshift has become concerned as Mark has started to complain of increasingly severe pain in his leg. The duty FY2 doctor has come to assess the situation as there is a concern that he is developing a ‘compartment syndrome’.
Which of the following would suggest compression/injury to the tibial nerve?
A. Absence/weakness of dorsiflexion of the great (big) toe
B. Decreased sensation over the first web space
C. Decreased sensation over the sole of the foot
D. Inability to evert the ankle
E. Inability to dorsiflex the ankle
C. Decreased sensation over the sole of the foot
Label the following diagram
