Anatomy Flashcards
FFM1 Spring 2024
What are the 12 different systems of the body?
1) Skeletal
2) Muscular
3) CV
4) Resp
5) GI
6) Nervous
7) Endocrine
8) GU
9) Reproductive
10) Integumentary
11) Hematopoietic
12) Lymphatic
What are the 8 different regions of the body?
1) Head
2) Neck
3) Thorax
4) Abdomen
5) Pelvis
6) Back
7) LL
8) UL
What is the standard anatomical position?
Patient standing erect, feet flat on floor, facing forward; upper limbs to side of body; head, feet, palms face out
Supine
Patient laying face up
Prone
Patient laying face down
R Lateral Decubitus
Patient laying on their R side, L side faces up
L Lateral Decubitus
Patient laying on their L side, R side faces up
Transverse plane
Horizontal plane through body; divides into superior and inferior parts
Coronal plane
Frontal plane; imaginary line dividing body into anterior and posterior; corona = crown
Sagittal plane
Imaginary line dividing the body into R and L halves; sagittal = arrow
Superior, cranial, cephalic
Towards the head of the body
Inferior, caudal
Towards the feet of the body
Anterior, Ventral
Towards the front of the body
Posterior, Dorsal
Towards back of the body
Medial
Towards midline of body
Lateral
Away from midline of body
Proximal
Closer to origin of body part or point of attachment of limb to trunk of body
Distal
Farther away from origin of body part or point of attachment of limb to trunk of body
Palmar (Hand)
Anterior surface; palm of hand
Dorsal (Hand)
Posterior surface of hand; back of hand
Plantar surface of foot
Sole of foot
Dorsal surface of foot
Top of the foot
R or L sides of patient in relation to you
Always referring to patient body position in reference to you (your right is their L, you would state their L)
Bilateral
Paired structures (R and L pair)
Unilateral
Single structure; in midline or for which there is only one
Ipsilateral
Used to describe structures on same side of body
Contralateral
Used to describe structures on OPPOSITE sides of the body
Superficial, external
Towards body surface
Deep, internal
Away from body surface
Flexion (for extremities)
Movement decreasing angle between body parts (flexion of elbow joint)
Flexion (for spine)
Forward bending
Extension (for extremities)
Movement increasing the angle between body part (lower lower arm to rest flat on table)
Extension (for spine)
Bending backward
Abduction (body)
Movement away from the midline
Abduction (hand/feet)
Movement away from midline of hand/foot; 3rd digit for hand/2nd digit for foot
Adduction (body)
Movement towards midline of body
Adduction (hand/feet)
Movement towards midline of hand/foot; 3rd digit for hand/2nd digit for foot
Circumduction
Movement of body part in circular motion; combo of flexion, extention, abduction and adduction
Medial
Internal rotation
Rotation towards midline of body
Lateral
External Rotation
Rotation AWAY from midline of body
Rotation
Relating to R or L movement of spine around its axis
Ex: Rotation of head around C1/C2 axis
Elevation
Movement in superior direction
Retraction
Movement of scapula towards the midline of the body
Lateral Flexion
R or L lateral bending of spine in side direction
Depression
Movement in an inferior direction
Protraction
Relating to movement of scapula AWAY from the midline
Opposition
Relating to movement of 1st/5th digits of hand; movement of those digits towards one another
Reposition
Relating to movement of 1st/5th digits of hand; movement of those digits AWAY one another
Pronation
Rotation of the hand where palmar surface is now facing back (PA position of hand)
Supination
Rotation of the hand where palmar surface is now facing forward (AP position of hand)
Dorsiflexion
Relating to movement of foot AWAY from ground; flexing foot up from ground
Plantarflexion
Relating to movement of foot TOWARDS the ground; extending foot down to ground
Inversion
Sole of foot goes to midline of body; lateral side of foot towards ground
Eversion
Sole of foot goes away from the midline; arch of foot towards ground
