Anatomy

Question 1

Three types of mucosa

Answer 1

Masticatory, Lining, specialized (dorsum of tongue)

Question 2

Karring & Loe (1970)

Answer 2

Stippling is formed by invaginations of rete pegs into the underlying CT (predictor of health, absence not necessarily disease)

Question 3

Ainamo & Loe (1966)

Answer 3

Free gingival groove only present in 1/3 of cases

Question 4

Bowers 1963

Answer 4

Attached gingiva width ranges from 1-9 mm
Max lateral incisor (widest); md 1st pm (narrowest)

Question 5

Tests to find MGJ

Answer 5

1. Schiller’s iodide (stains glycogen in lining mucosa)
2. Probe measurement
3. Roll technique

Question 6

Gingival thickness measurement

Answer 6

Transgingival probing (0.5mm accuracy) Ronay (2011)
Ultrasonic measurement (Eager 1996)
Probe visibility:
Kan (2010; if visible then <1mm, if not visible then >1mm.
Rasperini 2015: colored probe

Question 7

Lang & Loe (1972)

Answer 7

32 dental students
<2mm KT resulted in inflammation
>2 mm KT resulted in health

Question 8

Wennstrom & Lindhe (1983)

Answer 8

Dog study
Careful plaque control resulted in health regardless of KT or AG

Question 9

Cortellini & Bissada (2018) AAP World Workshop

Answer 9

KT is NOT needed to maintain health
Ideally 1mm AG, 2mm KT

Question 10

Magnusson (1983)

Answer 10

Junctional epithelium is resistant to microbial challenge

Question 11

Oral epithelium layers

Answer 11

Deepest to most superficial
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum

Question 12

at 2017 AAP, biologic width replaced with

Answer 12

Supracrestal tissue attachment
Junctional epithelium + supracrestal connective tissue attachment

Question 13

Gargiulo (1961)

Answer 13

Sulcular depth: 0.69 mm
Epithelial attachment (0.97mm; most variable)
CT attachment (1.07mm; most consistent)

Question 14

Armitage (1977)

Answer 14

In health and gingivitis, perio probe penetrates until apical 1/3 of JE
In periodontitis, probe extends to the coronal 1/3 of the CT

Question 15

Basement membrane collagen type

Answer 15

Composed mainly of type IV collagen

Question 16

Basement membrane layers

Answer 16

Lamina lucida: contacts epithelial cells of stratum basale via hemidesmosomes
Lamina densa: attached to CT via anchoring fibrils (type VII collagen)

Question 17

CT (lamina propria) composition

Answer 17

5% cells
35% blood vessels and nerves
60% fibers

Question 18

Lamina propria layers

Answer 18

papillary layer: projections between rete pegs
reticular layer: thick fibers continuous with periosteum

Question 19

Cell percentages in CT

Answer 19

35% mast cells
65% fibroblasts

Question 20

Fibroblasts produce

Answer 20

collagen fibers predominantly
reticulin fibers
oxytalan fibers
elastic fibers

Question 21

Gingival fiber types

Answer 21

Dento-gingival
Alveolo-gingival
Dento-periosteal
Circular
Transseptal (for stability and alignment)

Question 22

Extracellular matrix of CT composition

Answer 22

glycosaminoglycans
proteoglycans
collagenous and non-collagenous proteins

Question 23

GAG types

Answer 23

Hyaluronic acid (simplest GAG, no sulfate)
Dermatan sulfate: coagulation and wound healing; most abundant gingival GAG (61%)
Chondroitin sulfate: most abundant GAG in bone and cementum (94%)
Heparan sulfate: production of FGF
Keratan sulfate: aggregate with chondroitin sulfate

Question 24

Karring (1975)

Answer 24

underlying CT provides the genetics required for formation of overlying keratinized gingival epithelium.

Question 25

Cells of PDL

Answer 25

fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoclasts, mesenchymal cells

Question 26

PDL collagen types

Answer 26

80% type 1, 20% type 3 mean width is 0.25 mm

Question 27

PDL fiber types

Answer 27

Alveolar crest Horizontal Oblique (most abundant) Apical Interradicular

Question 28

Hydroxyapatite percentage in cementum

Answer 28

65%

Question 29

Schroeder (1986) cementum classification

Answer 29

Acellular afibrillar: coronal/at CEJ, no collagen fibers, unknown fxn Acellular extrinsic: cervial to mid root, sharpey's fibers, primary tooth anchor Cellular intrinsic: apical 1/3 of root and furcations, intrinsic fibers, reparative fxn Cellular mixed: apical 1/3 to 1/2 of root and furcations, both fibers, reactive to force

Question 30

Zander & Hurzeler (1958)

Answer 30

Apex contains thickest portion of cementum, coronal aspect is thinnest

Question 31

Kerr (1961)

Answer 31

Cementum deposition is a continuous process

Question 32

Nyman (1988)

Answer 32

Complete removal of diseased cementum is NOT needed in periodontal treatment

Question 33

Biagini (1992)

Answer 33

CT cells cannot adhere to previously exposed cementum

Question 34

Organic and inorganic composition of alveolar bone

Answer 34

Organic: 95% type 1 collagen; 5% type V collagen Inorganic: mostly hydroxyapatite (60-70%)

Question 35

Blood supply to periodontium and teeth

Answer 35

Infraorbital A Superior alveolar A Palatine A Mandibular A Facial A Buccal A Sublingual A Mental A