Anatomy Flashcards
Exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment
Respiration
Major Functions of Respiratory System
- Provides passageway for O2 to enter body
- Provides passageway for CO2 to exit body
- Facilitate gas exchange of O2 + CO2 in body
Mechanical process of moving air in and out of lungs
Ventilation
Movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to and area of lesser concentration
Diffusion
Circulation of blood through the capillaries
Perfusion
Responsible for warming and humidifying incoming air
Upper Airway
Area where respiratory exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs
Lower Airway
Involved in Conduction of air
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Terminal Bronchioles
Where does diffusion happen?
Alveoli
Involved in gas exchange
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveoli
- Air and food passage way
- Epithelium lining changes to stratified squamous epithelium to accommodate food passage (chemical and friction)
- Contains palatine and lingual tonsils
Oropharynx
- Two-way streets filled with mucus producing (goblet) cells
- Small openings connect to nasal cavity
- Air moves in nasal cavity and mucous drains into the cavity
- Also help warm and humidify air
- Enhances the voice resonance
Paranasal Sinuses
Epiglottis
- Leaf shaped structure attached to the thyroid cartilage by the “stem”
- moves up and down to close opening to the glottis
- Keeps food out of the lungs
Where the bronchus divides into branches
Carina
Respiratory zone diagram
2 or more alveoli share a common opening
Alveolar Sacs
a condition in which blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body
Ischemia
- Takes over mucous propelling job from nasal mucosa
- Contains pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
- Contains the opening for auditory tubes which drain middle ear cavities and allow middle ear pressure yo equalize with atmospheric pressure
Nasopharynx
- Air and food passageway
- Lined with stratified squamous epithelium which continue from the oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Sinuses from top to bottom
- Frontal sinuses
- Ethmoid sinuses
- Sphenoid sinus
- Superior turbinate
- Middle turbinate
- Maxillary sinus
- Inferior turbinate
Alveolar sacs diagram
Alveolar sacs diagram
Respiratory zone diagram “how to remember”
A B I C R (top to bottom)
Alveolar epithelium
Basement Lamina
Interstitial space
Capillary endothelium
Red blood cell
Types of Epithelial Cells
Type I: Simple squamous
Type II: Septal cells
Type III: Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
Cells that are good for diffusion of gases
Simple Squamous Epithelial Cells
- Produce surfactant which lowers the surface tension of fluid on the alveoli
- Prevents collapse of alveoli
- Surfactant is. combination of phospholipids and lipoproteins
Septal Cells
Wandering phagocytes that remove fine dust particles and other debris in the alveolar space
Alveolar Macrophages (Dust Cells)
The collapse of only part or whole lung
Atelectasis
