anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
aorta
A
Aorta
- Starts at aortic valve and ends at bifurcation common iliac L4
- ascending 5cm, give off R and L coronaries
- Decending starts at T4 to aortic opening of diaphragm T12
- Gives of visceral branches – pericardial, bronchial, oesophageal, mediastinal, phrenic
- Abdominal aorta
- Also gives off inferior phrenic
- Celiac trunk - foregut (left gastric, common hepatic, splenic
- Superior mesenteric – midgut (inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, right and middle colic)
- Inferior mesenteric – hindgut (left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal
2
Q
neck arteries
A
- brachiocephalic divides to right subclavian and common carotid behind right sternocalvicular joint
- right common carotid - ascends in carotid sheath and divides at C4/upper boader thyroid cartilage
- right subclavian – runs over lung apex to lateral boarder 1st rib to become axillary artery
- gives off 5 branches – vertebral, internal thoracic (missing), thyrocervical, costocervical, dorsal scapular need (missing)
- left common carotid – ascends behind sternocalvicular joint
- left subclavian, same 5 branches as right
- external carotid – main blood supply to head and neck, 6 branches then bifurcates with carotid
- superior thyroid - missing
- ascending pharyngeal - missing
- lingual - missing
- facial
- occipital
- posterior auricular- missing
- superficial temporal (terminal)
- maxillary (terminal)
- internal carotid – supplies intracranial contents, posterolateral to external then medial at C2 then enters skull through carotid canal. 10 branches inside the skull (missing)
- caroticotympnic and pterygoid
- cavernous, hypophyseal, meningeal (missing)
- ophthalmic
- anterior cerebral
- middle cerebral
- posterior communicating
- anterior choroidal (? Missing)
3
Q
external carotid
A
4
Q
internal carotid
A
5
Q
Upper limb arteries
A
- axillary from lateral boarder 1st rib, to brachial at lower boarder teres major, give off
- o superior thoracic
- o thoroco-acromial
- o lateral thoracic, subscapular
- o circ humeral (ant and post)
- brachial until bifurcates into radial and ulner at antecubital fossa, gives off
- o profunda brachii, ulnar collateral, nutrient to humerous
- radial lies on radius along medial border brachioradialis, enters lateral wrist through anatomical snuffbox to terminate at deep palmer arch, gives off
- o radial recurrent, muscular, carpal, metacarpal, superficial and deep palmar arch
- ulnar – goes with ulnar nerve laterally lyeing on flexor digitorum profundus, enters wrist superior to flexor retinaculum and terminates in superficial palmar arch, gives off
- o ulnar recurrent, common interosseous, anterior interosseous, muscular,carpal, superificial and deep palmar arches
6
Q
lower limb arteries
A
- common iliac from aortic bifurcation at L4
- external iliac, travels anterolaterally, deep to midinguinal point to become femoral artery, gives off
o inferior epigatric (pubic and cremasteric), deep circumflex iliac - internal iliac, bifurcates into ant and post trunks, supply pelvic organs
- genitalia, body wall, lower limb (ant) and gluteal muscles (post)
- femoral artery, lat to fem vein and medial to femoral nerve, enters popliteal fossa through adductor hiatus, gives off
- superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, external pudendal, profunda femoris with perforating arterial branches, descending genicular branch
- popliteal artery divides into ant and post tibial arteries
- anterior tibial – anterior of interosseous membrane and enters ankle deep to extensor retinaculum to become dorsalis pedis, gives off
- knee supply, anterior compartment, ankle, foot
- posterior tibial – descends deep to gastroc with tibial nerve, between medial malleolus and calcaneus to give post tibial pulse and medial and lateral plantar arteris, supplies posterior compartment gives off
- peroneal to fibular and lateral compartment
7
Q
Head and neck veins
A
- Posterior division retromandibular vein and Posterior auricular vein drain into:
- External jugular vein
- Drains scalp and face
- Runs from angle mandible to midpoint calvicle
- Enters sublavian vein
- Anterior division of retromandibular vein enters Facial vein, facial vein and neck tributaries drain into:
- Internal jugular vein
- Runs from jugular foramen and within the carotid sheath
- Joins subclavian vein behind sternal end of clavicle to form brachiocephalic vein
8
Q
leg veins
A
- great saphenous vein
- from medial aspect of foot and in front of medial malleolus
- ascends up medial side to knee and up to thigh where enters saphenous foramen and joins the femoral vein
- small saphenous vein
- from the lateral aspect of the foot and behind lateral malleolus
- ascends in midline posteriorly and joins the popliteal vein after running between two heads of gastrocnemius
- posterior tibial vein – runs with the posterior tibial artery and unites with anterior tibial vein to form popliteal vein
- femoral vein
- continuation of popliteal vein
- emerges from adductor canal and enters the femoral triangle
9
Q
arm veins
A
- dorsal network of hand veins drains into cephalic and basilic
- cephalic vein
- runs on radial aspect of forearm
- receives median cubital branch before entering anterior elbow and ascending lateral to biceps brachii before terminating in axillary vein
- basilic vein
- runs of ulnar aspect of forearm
- revieces a median cubital branch before ascending on medial aspect of anterior elbow
- continues as axillary vein beyond teres major
- axillary vein
o starts at teres major and ends opposite first rib to continue as subclavian vein
10
Q
thorax and abdo veins
A
Thorax
- brachiocephalic vein
- formed by junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins behind sternal clavicle
- longer left and shorter right veins join behind first costal cartilage to become superior vena cava
abdomen
- external iliac
- continuation of femoral vein (draining leg), joined by internal iliac (draining pelvis)
- forms common iliac in front of sacroiliac joint
- common iliac
- left and right ascend to unite at L5 to form the IVC
