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BDS > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name this anatomical feature

A

Right anterior cerebral artery

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2
Q

Name this anatomical feature

A

Right posterior cerebral artery

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3
Q

What is deep vein thrombosis?

A

A blood clot within the deep veins

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4
Q

What does varicose veins mean?

A

Abnormally swollen superficial veins

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5
Q

Name this anatomical feature

A

External jugular vein (which is superficial)

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6
Q

Name this anatomical feature

A

Internal jugular vein (which is deep)

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6
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

The posterior surface (e.g. wrist, hand, tongue and foot)

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7
Q

What is the name for the under surface of the tongue?

A

Ventral surface

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7
Q

What is adduction movement?

A

Movement towards the median plane

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8
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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9
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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10
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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11
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5 - fused to form one sacrum

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12
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

4 - fused to form one coccyx

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13
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2 (superior and inferior)

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14
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 (superior, middle and inferior)

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15
Q

In an upright patient, which lobe of which lung will foreign bodies most commonly be inhaled into and why?

A

The lower lobe of the right lung because the bronchus of the right lung are wider, shorter and more vertical

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16
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The area that lies in between the lungs

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17
Q

What are the different divisions of the mediastinum?

A

Superior and inferior (inferior is then divided into anterior, middle and posterior)

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17
Q

Which division of the mediastinum is the heart located?

A

Inferior middle mediastinum

17
Q

What is the name of the big sack surrounding the heart?

A

Pericardium

17
Q

What is haemopericardium?

A

When the pericardium (the big sack surrounding the heart) fills up with blood and can lead to an increased pressure that prevents cardiac contraction

18
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?

A

Outer layer - fibrous pericardium (tough, thick and protective)
Inner layer - serous pericardium (visceral is around the heart and parietal layer is lining the fibrous layer

19
Q

What are the three layers of tissue of the heart?

A

External - epicardium (visceral serous pericardium)
Middle - myocardium (muscle layer)
Internal - endocardium

20
Q

What is a myocardial infarction (MI)?

A

Irreversible death (necrosis) of part of the heart muscle (myocardium) due to blockage of its arterial blood supply - heart attack

21
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain into?

A

The right atrium

22
Q

Which side of the heart carries venous blood?

A

The right side

23
Q

Which side of the heart carries arterial blood?

A

The left side

24
Q

What are the two sides of the heart divided by?

A

The septum

25
Q

Where does blood from the right side of the heart go?

A

To the lungs

26
Q

Where does blood from the left side of the heart go?

A

Into systemic circulation (goes around the body)

27
Q

What are the main vessels that bring deoxygenated blood into the heart from the body called?

A

The inferior and superior vena cava

28
Q

What is the name of the vessels that take deoxygenated blood away from the heart and into the lungs?

A

Left and right pulmonary arteries

29
Q

What is the name of the vessels that take oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart?

A

Right and left pulmonary veins

30
Q

If a blood vessels name begins with “A” what does that indicate?

A

It is most likely taking blood “A”way from the heart

31
Q

What is the name of the main vessel that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart and into the rest of the body?

A

The Aorta

32
Q

What heart chambers do veins bring blood into?

A

The right and left atrium

33
Q

What is the last chamber that blood sits in before leaving the heart?

A

The right and left ventricle

34
Q

What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and ventricle in the heart?

A

The tricuspid valve

35
Q

What is the name of the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk in the heart?

A

The pulmonary valve

36
Q

What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart?

A

The mitral (bicuspid) valve

37
Q

What is the name of the valve between the left ventricle and aorta in the heart?

A

The aortic valve

38
Q

What is the name of the pacemaker in the heart?

A

The sinoatrial node

39
Q

What can take over as pacemaker of the heart if the sinoatrial node has pathology?

A

The atrioventricular node

40
Q

What makes the “LUB” (first heart sound)?

A

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves

41
Q

What makes the “DUB” (second heart sound)?

A

Closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves

42
Q

What is the name of the main vessels that supply blood to the head?

A

Left and right common carotid artery

43
Q

What is the name of the main vessels that take deoxygenated blood from the head back down to the heart?

A

The internal jugular veins

BDS (7 decks)

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