Anatomy

Question 1

Direct vs indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 1

Indirect are much more common (85% : 15% of cases).
Direct hernias bulge directly through the anterior abdominal wall MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric artery.
Indirect hernias push through the deep inguinal ring, which is LATERAL to the inferior epigastric artery. Therefore, if a hernia is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery, it would be an indirect hernia that has entered the inguinal canal.
**REMEMBER: INdirect inguinal hernias go through the INguinal canal. Whereas DIRECT inguinal hernias go DIRECTLY through the abdominal wall. **

Question 2

What is coronary dominance

Answer 2

Determined by the coronary artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery. 70% of population have right coronary artery dominance, 10% have left coronary dominance, 20% have codominance (both RCA and circumflex branch of LCA supply posterior interventricular artery

Question 3

Part of heart closest to oesophagus

Answer 3

Left atrium