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Crozer Surgery Keegan Duelfer > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the foot

A

26 (not including sesamoids)

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2
Q

how many joints are in the foot

A

35

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3
Q

Name the accessory ossicles (10)

A

-os intermetatarsium
-os vesalianum
-os tibiale externum
-os supranaviculare
-os peroneum
-os calcaneus secondarius
-os sustentaculi
-os trigonum
-os subtibiale
-os subfibulare

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4
Q

Os intermetatarsium

A

between 1st cuneiform and 1st- 2nd metatarsal bases

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5
Q

Os vesalianum

A

proximal 5th met base

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6
Q

os tibiale externum

A

accessory navicular

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7
Q

os supranaviculare

A

dorsal aspect of the navicular

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8
Q

os peroneum

A

sesamoid bone in PB tendon

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9
Q

os calcaneus secondarius

A

dorsal anterior process of calcaneus

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10
Q

os sustentaculi

A

posterior aspect of sustentaculum tali

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11
Q

os trigonum

A

posterior aspect of talus

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12
Q

os subtibiale

A

distal to medial malleolus

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13
Q

os subfibulare

A

distal to lateral malleolus

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14
Q

Name the avascular necroses (13)

A

-Renandier
-Trevor
-Theiman
-Freiberg
-Iselen
-Buschke
-Kohler
-Lance
-Diaz
-Severe’s
-Blount
-Osgood-schlatter
-Legg-Calve-Perthes

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15
Q

Renandier

A

tibial sesamoid

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16
Q

Trevor

A

fibular sesamoid

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17
Q

Theiman

A

Phalanges

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18
Q

Freiberg’s

A

Met heads

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19
Q

Iselen

A

5th metatarsal base

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20
Q

Buschke

A

Cuneiforms

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21
Q

Kohler

A

Navicular

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22
Q

Lance

A

Cuboid

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23
Q

Diaz

A

Talus

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24
Q

Severe’s

A

calcaneus

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25
Q

Blount

A

proximal medial tibial epiphysis

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26
Q

Osgood-Schlatter

A

tibial tuberosity

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27
Q

Legg-calve-perthes

A

femoral epiphysis

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28
Q

What attaches periosteum to bone

A

Sharpey fibers

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29
Q

What are the different types of coalitions (3)

A

-syndesmosis: fibrous

-synchondrosis: cartilagenous

-Synostosis: osseous

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30
Q

What is the difference between a coalition and a bar

A

coalition: intra-articular fusion of two bones

bar: extra-articular fusion

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31
Q

What is the most common coalition in the foot

A

distal and missle phalanx of 5th digitis

32
Q

What is the most common coalition in the rearfoot

A

talocalcaneal

33
Q

What is a steida process

A

enlarged os trigonum

34
Q

What is the only bone in the foot without any muscle origin or tendon insertion

35
Q

What are the plantar muscle layers in the foot from superficial to deep

A

1) abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

2)quadratus plantae, 4 lumbricals

3) flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi

4) 3 plantar interossei, 4 dorsal interossei

36
Q

What layer of the foot does FDL run

A

2nd layer- it is the origin of the lumbricals and the insertion of QP

37
Q

What deformity will result from cutting QP

A

digits 4 and 5 will become adductovarus

38
Q

How is EDL attached to the proximal phalanxes

A

sling wraps around capsule which attaches to plantar plate, DTML, and flexor tendon sheath thus attaching to plantar proximal phalanx.

No direct insertion to proximal phalanx

39
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the capsularis tendon

A

origin- EHL muscle or tendon

Insertion- first MPJ capsule

40
Q

What is the Master Knot of Henry

A

fibrous connection between FHL and FDL

41
Q

What structures attach to the fibular sesamoid (6)

A

-plantar MTP ligament

-lateral met-sesamoid ligament

-Intersesamoidal ligament

-phalangeal-sesamoidal ligament

-FHB tendon

-ADH tendon

42
Q

Are the sesamoids capsular or extra-capsular

43
Q

What is the Lisfranc ligament

A

attaches lateral aspect of medial cuneiform to medial base of 2nd metatarsal

44
Q

What structures in the Lisfranc joint are not connected by ligaments

A

1st and 2nd metatarsals

45
Q

What is the spring ligament

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

46
Q

What ligaments compose the bifurcate ligaments

A

-dorsal calcaneonavicular
-calcaneocubiod ligaments

47
Q

Which is stronger-lateral ankle ligaments or the deltoid ligaments

A

deltoid ligament

48
Q

What are the components of the deltoid ligaments

A

Superficial- tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar

Deep- Anterior tibiotalar

49
Q

What tendons pass over the deltoid ligament

A

Tibialis posterior and FDL

50
Q

What are the lateral ankle ligaments

A

anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular

51
Q

What angle do the ATFL and CFL create

A

105 degrees

52
Q

What is the strongest lateral ankle ligament

A

posterior talofibular

53
Q

Which ankle ligaments are exra-capsular which are capsular

A

calcaneofibular ligament is extra capsular

all others are capsular

54
Q

What tendons pass over the lateral ankle ligaments

55
Q

what ligaments support the ankle syndesmosis (3)

A

-AITFL
-PITFL
-interosseous tibiofibular ligament

56
Q

What is the Bassett ligament

57
Q

what is another name for the flexor retinaculum

A

laciniate ligament

58
Q

what is another name for the superior extensor retinaculum

A

transverse crural ligament

59
Q

What is another name for the inferior extensor retinaculum

A

cruciate crural ligament

60
Q

Where does plantaris insert

A

medial aspect of tendo-Achilles into the calcaneus

61
Q

What is the incidence of peroneus quartus

62
Q

What is the Hoke tonsil

A

fibrous, fatty plug within the sinus tarsi

63
Q

What is pes anserinus

A

insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus.

-Where bursa may cause knee pain

64
Q

What is a Bakers cyst

A

swelling of the bursa between the tendons of the medial head of the gastroc and semimembranosous

65
Q

What is a fabella

A

sesamoid bone occasionally found in the tendon of lateral head of gastrocnemius

66
Q

What nerves form the sural nerve

A

-Branch of tibial: medial sural cutaneous

-branch of common peroneal: branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve: sural communicating branch

67
Q

Does a neuroma lie dorsal or plantar to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament

68
Q

Where do these muscles run in relation to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament

-Interossei
-lumbricals

A

Interossei- dorsal

lumbricals- plantar

69
Q

What layers of the foot do the plantar nerves run

A

Medial plantar- in the first layer

Lateral plantar nerve- between 1st and 2nd

70
Q

What do the medial plantar nerve and artery supply

A

Never LAFF at A FAD

-Medial plantar Nerve
-1st Lumbrical
-ABH
-FHB
-FDB

medial plantar Artery
-FDB
-ABH
-1st Dorsal interossei

71
Q

What are the branches of the femoral nerve

A

-Nerve to femoral artery

-small muscular to pectineus

Anterior division (cutaneous)
—anterior femoral cutaneous
—nerve to sartorius
—intermediate femoral cutaneous
—medial femoral cutaneous

Posterior division(muscular)
—saphenous
—infrapatellar branch
—medial crural cutaneous
—nerve to rectus femorus
—nerve to vastus medialis
—nerve to vastus intermed
—nerve to vastus lateralis

72
Q

branches of femoral artery (8)

A

-superficial epigastric

-superficial circumflex iliac

-superficial external pudendal

-deep femoral

-medial femoral circumflex

-lateral femoral circumflex

-descending genicular

-femoral artery becomes popliteal

73
Q

Trace the path of a drop of blood from left ventricle to the hallux(15)

A

-ascending aorta
-aortic arch
-descending aorta
-thoracic aorta
-abdominal aorta
-common iliac artery
-external iliac artery
-femoral artery
-deep femoral artery
-popliteal artery
-anterior tibial artery
-dorsalis pedis
-1st dorsal metatarsal
-1st common dorsal digital
-1st proper dorsal digital artery

74
Q

Sources of blood to the talus (3)

A

-superior surface of head and neck:artery of the sinus tarsi and branch from anterior tibial artery or dorsalis pedis

-medial side: artery of tarsal canal and posterior tibial artery

-lateral tubercle: anastamosis of branch of peroneal artery with medial calcaneal branch

75
Q

What are sources of blood supply to tendons

A

-myotendinous junction
-paratenon
-insertion to bone

Crozer Surgery Keegan Duelfer (16 decks)

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