Anatomy Flashcards
hard palate
Anterior-most portion of the “roof of the mouth”; made up of the maxillae and the palatine, 2 paired structures in the skull
soft palate
AKA the velum; posterior to the hard palate, it is a muscular hydrostat
pharynx
air filled space comprised of 1) the nasopharynx- area behind the nasal cavity, 2) oropharynx- area behind the oral cavity, and 3) laryngopharynx- area behind the larynx; includes natural bilateral pockets 1) valleculae and 2) pyriform sinuses
pharyngeal plexus
CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and the pharyngeal branch of the CN X (vagus)
pharyngeal constrictors
made up of superior, middle, and inferior constrictors; c-shaped walls align with back of the neck and open anteriorly
superior pharyngeal constrictor
superior-most third of the pharyngeal constrictors; bilaterally and anteriorly attaches to buccinators (cheek muscles) via the pterygomandibular raphae
middle pharyngeal constrictor
the middle third of the pharyngeal constrictors; bilaterally and anteriorally attaches to the greater horn of the hyoid bone
inferior pharyngeal constrictor
inferior-most third of the pharyngeal constrictors; bilaterally and anteriorlly attaches to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
salpingopharyngeus
one of three paired longitudinal pharyngeal muscle; runs between the larynx and the auditory tube on the skull
palatopharyngeus
one of three paired longitudinal pharyngeal muscle; muscle of the soft palate (connects larynx to the soft palate); in the STEPS picture, these are the paired inferior muscles (they are framed by the paired palatoglossus muscles)
stylopharyngeus
one of three paired longitudinal pharyngeal muscle; not considered a true suprahyoid; connects larynx to the skull
musculus uvulae
muscle of the soft palate (the muscle superior to the dangler at the back of your throat ;P)
levator veli palatini
muscle of the soft palate; in the STEPS picture, this are the paired muscles in the superior/interior part (they are framed by the tensor veli palatini)
tensor veli palatini
muscle of the soft palate; in the STEPS picture, these are the paired muscles in the superior/external (levator veli palatini is in between them)
palatoglossus
muscle of the soft palate; in the STEPS picture, these are the paired inferior muscles (the paired palatopharyngeus muscles are inside of them); EXtrinsic tongue muscle; courses between the tongue and soft palate
vertical muscle
intrinsic lingual muscle; fibers course vertically and are interdigitated (intwined) with transverse muscle
transverse muscle
intrinsic lingual muscles; fibers are aligned horizontally and are interdigitated (intwined) with the vertical muscle
superior longitudinal muscle
intrinsic lingual muscle; fibers along the length of the tongue and are superior to the vertical and transverse muscles
inferior longitudinal muscle
intrinsic lingual muscle; fibers are aligned along the length of the tongue; inferior-most intrinsic lingual muscle
styloglossus
extrinsic lingual muscle; courses between tongue and the styloid process
genioglossus
extrinsic lingual muscle; courses between tongue, mandible and hyoid
hyoglossus
extrinsic lingual muscle; suprahyoid muscle
anterior belly of the digastric
suprahyoid muscle; connects hyoid to mandible
mylohyoid
suprahyoid muscle; connects mandible to hyoid
geniohyoid
suprahyoid muscle; connects mandible to hyoid
posterior belly of the digastrics
suprahyoid muscle; connects hyoid to the skull
stylohyoid
suprahyoid muscle; connects hyoid to styloid process
thyrohyoid
infrahyoid muscle; connects hyoid to larynx
sternohyoid
infrahyoid muscle; connects hyoid to sternum
sternothyroid
infrahyoid muscle; connects larynx to sternum
omohyoid
infrahyoid; connects hyoid to clavicale
larynx
hollow, muscular organ that forms an air passage to the lungs and houses the vocal folds; below hyoid, above trachea; AKA voice box or Adam’s apple
cricoid cartilage
only complete ring of cartilage in the larynx; most inferior part of larynx
arytenoid cartilage
paired laryngeal cartilages that are small 3-sided pyramidal in shape; sit on posterior cricoid cartilage
corniculate cartilage
paired small cartilages that sit atop arytenoid cartilages
thyroid cartilage
largest of the laryngeal cartilages; not a complete ring; made of 2 laminae that come together to form the laryngeal prominence
epiglottis
flexible, cartilaginous flap attached to entrance of the larynx; projects upward behind the tongue and hyoid bone
cuneiform cartilage
small, paired, carrot-shaped cartilages at either side of the opening of the larynx; live inside of the aryepiglottic folds
aryepiglottic folds
folds of mucosal tissue that course from arytenoids to the epiglottis; parallel to the lateral walls of the pharynx
hyoid bone
only bone not connected to other bones; above the larynx, below the mandible
cricothyroid muscle
paired intrinsic laryngeal muscle with double bellies (pars recta and pars oblique); courses between the cricoid and thyroid
thyroarytenoid muscle
intrinsic laryngeal muscle with two parts- thyrovocalis (medial part of the vocal folds) and thyromuscularis (lateral part of the thyroarytenoid muscle); courses between the thyroid and the arytenoid cartilages
lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
intrinsic laryngeal muscle; courses between the cricoid and the arytenoid
transverse interarytenoid muscle
the only intrinsic laryngeal muscle that is unpaired; one of two interarytenoid muscles which means that it courses between the 2 arytenoid cartilages
oblique interarytenoid muscle
paired intrinsic laryngeal muscle; one of two interarytenoid muscles which means that it courses between the 2 arytenoid cartilages, this one in an “X” shape
posterior cricoarytenoid
intrinsic laryngeal muscle; courses between the cricoid and arytenoid
aryepiglottis muscle
intrinsic laryngeal muscle
thyroepiglottis muscle
intrinsic laryngeal muscle