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Fundamentals - Y1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Position - Key Term.

A

Reference when describing the relationship of structures to one another.

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2
Q

Median Plane - Key Term.

A

Line through the centre of the body through navel (belly button) -> Even L+R

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3
Q

Sagittal/Parasagitall Plane - Key Term.

A

Parallel to median plane -> Uneven L+R

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4
Q

Coronal Plane - Key Term.

A

Vertical plane anterior + posterior (front to back) portions

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5
Q

Transverse Plane - Key Term.

A

Horizontal plane passing through the body superior + inferior portions

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6
Q

Superior/Rostral - Relationship Term.

A

Nearer to the head

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7
Q

Inferior/Caudal - Relationship Term.

A

Nearer to the feet

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8
Q

Posterior/Dorsal - Relationship Term.

A

Nearer to the back

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9
Q

Anterior/Ventral - Relationship Term.

A

Nearer to the front

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10
Q

Medial - Relationship Term.

A

Nearer to the median plane

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11
Q

Lateral - Relationship Term.

A

Further from median plane

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12
Q

Proximal - Relationship Term.

A

Nearer to the trunk/point of origin

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13
Q

Distal - Relationship Term.

A

Further from trunk/point of origin

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14
Q

Superficial - Relationship Term.

A

Nearer the surface

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15
Q

Deep - Relationship Term.

A

Further from the surface

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16
Q

Internal - Relationship Term.

A

Inside centre of organ/cavity

17
Q

External - Relationship Term.

A

Outside centre of organ/cavity

18
Q

Ipsilateral - Relationship Term.

A

Same side of the body

19
Q

Contralateral - Relationship Term.

A

Opposite side of the body

20
Q

Supine - Relationship Term.

A

Body lying on back (face up)

21
Q

Prone - Relationship Term.

A

Body lying on front (face down)

22
Q

Define Anatomy.

A

The study of the body

23
Q

Define Gross/Macroscopy.

A

Large structures + features visible with the unaided eye

  • Surface anatomy
  • Regional anatomy (thorax/abdomen)
  • Systemic anatomy
24
Q

Define Microscopy.

A

Examination of structures that cannot be seen without magnification

  • Histology (cells + tissues)
  • High resolution imaging (microCT)
25
Describe the 4 Organisation Levels.
Cellular Level - Basic unit of all living things (excl. viruses) Tissue Level - A group of similar cells working together to perform one or more specific function Organ Level - Two+ tissues working in combination to perform specific tasks (heart, bone, muscles) Organ System Level - Organs interacting (MSK, cardiac)
26
Describe Epithelial Tissue.
Covers whole body surface Found in outer layer of skin, lining of blood cavities, blood + lymph vessels Some are specialised for secreation Protect exposed + internal surface from abrasion, dehydration + destruction Can proliferate to produce new cells when damaged/worn Develop from all 3 embryonic germ layers - Ectoderm - Epidermis - Mesoderm - Heart + vessel lining - Endoderm - Respiratory + GI lining
27
Describe Connective Tissue.
Connects all epithelial tissue to the rest of the body Has a connective + supportive function Not exposed to outside environment Many are highly vascular + contain sensory receptors Cartilage, tendon, fascia + blood Develop from embryonic mesoderm layer Function: Transporting fluids + dissolved material (blood) Protect delicate organs Defend body against invading microorganisms
28
Describe Muscles Tissue.
Specialised to contract + produce movement Skeletal, smooth + cardiac Develop from embryonic mesoderm layer Function: Skeletal - Produce voluntary movement of skeleton (MSK) Cardiac - Propel blood through the body (CVS) Smooth - Digestion + Excretion (GI + US) - Found in blood vessels (CVS)
29
Describe Nervous/Neural Tissue.
Specialised to conduct electrical impulses 98% concentrated in brain + spinal cord Develop from embryonic ectoderm layer
30
Describe the Thorax. - Regional Anatomy
Between neck + abdomen Separated from abdomen by diaphragm Body thoracic cage Thoracic cavity
31
Describe the Abdomen + Pelvis. - Regional Anatomy
Above by diaphragm + below pelvic diaphragm | Abdomen proper + Pelvic cage
32
Describe Head + Neck. - Regional Anatomy
Skull, Cranial cavity | Face + Neck
33
Describe the Limbs. - Regional Anatomy
Upper limbs attached to trunk by pectoral girdle | Lower limbs attached to trunk by pelvic girdle
34
State the 2 components of the Skeletal System.
Cartilage + Bone
35
Describe Cartilage.
A form of connective tissue - Semi rigid yet flexible - Forms part of bones which require more flexibility (joints) Composed of: Chondrocytes cells -> Collagen extracellular matrix ``` Is avascular (no blood vessels) Chondrocytes are nourished via diffusion from external capillaries ```
36
Describe Bone.
Calcified, living connective tissue -> forms skeleton Intracellular calcified matrix, contains collagen fibres + other cells ``` Functions: Support for the body Protects vital organs Storage of minerals Levers on muscles to produce movement Blood producing cell (haematopoiesis) ```

Fundamentals - Y1 (3 decks)

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