Anatomy 101 Lab Exam 3 Muscles Flashcards
External oblique action
Flexes and laterally bends trunk
Compresses abdominal cavity
Internal oblique action
Flexes and laterally bends trunk
Compresses abdominal cavity
Transversus abdominis action
Compresses abdominal cavity
Rectus abdominis action
Flexes trunk with vertebral column fixed
Compresses abdominal cavity
Frontalis (frontal belly of occipitofrontalis) action
Raises eyebrows
Wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally
Occipitalis (occipital belly of occipitofrontalis) action
Pulls scalp posteriorly
Orbicularis oculi action
Closes eye
Pulls skin around eyes (blinking/winking)
Orbicularis oris action
Closes and protrudes lips (kiss)
Buccinator action
Manipulates food while chewing
Expels air through pursed lips (blowing trumpet)
Zygomaticus major action
Pulls angle of mouth superiority and laterally
Zygomaticus minor action
Raises lateral portion of upper lip to expose upper teeth
Platysma action
Lowers lower lip
Opens mouth by depressing mandible
Masseter action
Elevates mandible
Prime mover of jaw
Temporalis action
Elevates and retracts mandible
Digastric action
Depresses mandible
Fixation of hyoid bone during swallowing
Mylohyoid action
Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, assisting tongue to push food toward pharynx
Sternohyoid action
Depresses hyoid bone and larynx
Sternocleidomastoid action
Bilateral: flexes head (chin moves toward chest)
Unilateral: flex and rotate head toward opposite side
Accessory muscle of respiration
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) actions
Bilateral: flexes head (when 1st rib is fixed)
Elevate rib cage with vertebral column during forced inspiration (when neck is fixed)
Unilateral: moves head laterally
Accessory muscle of respiration
Pectoralis major action
Flexes and adducts arm
Rotates arm medially
Pectoralis minor action
Protracts and depresses scapula
Serratus anterior action
Protracts scapula
Assists in upward rotation of scapula
Diaphragm action
Flattens to lower floor of thoracic cavity to increase volume and decrease pressure, causing inspiration
External intercostals action
Elevates rib cage, spreading ribs, assisting in inspiration
Internal intercostals action
Depresses the rib cage, pulling ribs closer together, assisting in expiration
Trapezius action
Elevates scapula
Rotates scapula upwards
Extends head
Deltoid action
Abducts arm
Secondarily flexes and extends arm
Latissimus dorsi action
Adducts and extends arm
Rotates arm medially
Supraspinatus action
Assists abduction of arm
Holds humerus and stabilizes shoulder joint
Infraspinatus action
Laterally rotates humerus
Stabilizes shoulder joint
Subscapularis action
Adducts and rotates arm medially
Stabilizes shoulder joint
Teres minor action
Laterally rotates humerus
Stabilizes shoulder joint
Teres major action
Adducts, extends and rotates arm laterally
Levator scapulae action
Elevates scapula
Rhomboid minor action
Retracts scapula
Rhomboid major action
Retracts scapula
Splenius capitis action
Extends head
Rotates head to same side as contracting muscle
Iliacus action
Flexes thigh and stabilizes it in standing
Psoas major action
flexes thigh
laterally bends vertebral column
Sartorius action
Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh
Flexes leg at knee
Recuts femoris action
Extends knee
Flexes knee
Vastus lateralis action
Extend knee
Stabilizes patella
Vastus medialis action
Extend knee
Stabilizes patella
Vastus intermedius action
Extends knee
Pectineus action
Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
Adductor longus action
Adducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh
Adductor magnus action
Adducts and medially rotates thigh
Adductor brevis action
Adducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh
Gracilis action
Adducts and medially rotates thigh
Flexes leg
Biceps femoris action
Extends thigh
Flexes knee
Semitendinosus action
Extends thigh
Flexes knee
Semimembranosus action
Extends thigh
Flexes knee
Gluteus Maximus action
Extends, abducts and laterally rotates thigh
Gluteus medius action
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Stabilizes pelvis while walking
Tensor fascia latae action
Abducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
Tibilais anterior action
Dorsiflexes foot
Inverts foot
Extensor digitorum longus action
Dorsiflexes foot
Extends toes
Extensor hallucis longus action
Dorsiflexes foot
Extends big toe
Fibularis (peroneus) longus action
Everts foot
Plantar flexes foot
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis action
Everts foot
Plantar flexes foot
Gastrocnemius action
Plantar flexes foot
Assists with flexing knee
Soles action
Plantar flexes foot
Plantaris action
Plantar flexes foot
Assists with flexing knee
Flexor digitorum longus action
Flexes toes
Stabilizes foot
Flexor hallicus longus action
Flexes big toe
Biceps brachii action
Flexes elbow
Supinates forearm
Brachialis action
Flexes elbow
Triceps brachii action
Extends elbow
Pronation Teres action
Pronates forearm
Flexor carpi radialis action
Flexes wrist
Abducts hand
Palmaris longus action
Flexes wrist
Tenses dense connective tissue of palm
Flexor carpi ulnaris action
Flexes wrist
Adducts hand
Extensor carpi radialis longus action
Extends wrist
Abducts hand
Extensor carpi radialis brevis action
Extends wrist
Abducts hand
Extensor digitorum action
Extends wrist
Extends fingers
Extensor digiti minimi action
Extends pinky
Extensor carpi ulnaris action
Extends wrist
Adducts hands
Brachioradialis action
Flexes elbow
Skeletal muscle is
Striated
Multinucleated
Voluntary
Cardiac muscle is
Striated
Single nucleus
Involuntary
Smooth muscle is
Non-striated
Single nucleus
Involuntary
Maximus means
largest
Major means
larger
magnus means
large
medius means
intermediate
minor means
smaller
minimus means
smallest
longus means
long
brevis means
short
latissimus means
widest
longissimus means
longest
vastus means
huge
deltoid means
triangular
trapezius means
trapezoid
serratus means
saw toothed
rhomboid means
diamond
orbicularis means
circular
platys means
flat
quadratus means
square/4 sides
gracilis means
slender
rectus means
parallel to midline
transversus means
perpendicular to midline
oblique means
diagonial to midline
biceps have
2 heads
triceps have
3 heads
quadriceps have
4 heads
a flexor
decreases joint angle
an extensor
increases joint angle
a levator
raises
a sphincter
decreases the size of the opening
a tensor
makes body parts rigid
a rotator
rotates bone around longitudinal axis
contractility
ability to shorten/contract with force
excitability
responds to stimulus
extensibility
can stretch
elasticity
can return to original resting length after stretching or contracting
gliding movements
simple movements in which flat bone surfaces move back and forth and side to side
Angular movements
increase or decrease the angle between articulating bones
flexion
decrease in angle between articulating bones
extension
increase in angle between articulating bones
hyperextension
continuation of extension beyond normal extension
lateral flexion
movement to the side
abduction
movement of bone away from midline/body
adduction
movement of a bone toward the midline/body
circumduction
movement of body part in a circle
rotation
a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
elevation
upward movement of a body part
depression
downward movement of a part of the body
protraction
movement of a part of the body anteriorly
retraction
movement of a protracted part of the body back to normal
inversion
movement of foot medially
eversion
movement of sole laterally
dorsiflexion
bending of foot at ankle in upward direction
plantar flextion
bending of the foot at ankle in a downward direction
supination
movement of forearm so palm is upward
pronation
movement of forearm so palm is downward
opposition
movement of thumb in which thumb moves across palm to touch tips of fingers on same hand
isotonic contraction
movement (concentric or eccentric)
isometric contraction
no movement
concentric movement
when the muscle shortens
eccentric movement
when the muscle lengthens
iliopsoas action
flexes hip
