Anatomical Terms Flashcards
Name and describe the anatomical planes
Median: Runs the length of the body, equally splitting the sides
Sagittal: Runs the length of the body, not necessarily equally splitting the sides
Transverse: Splits the animal into front and back
Dorsal: Splits the animal into upper and lower
Name and describe the anatomical directions of the body (Not specific to the limbs or head)
Cranial: Towards the head
Caudal: Towards the hind end
Dorsal: Towards the spine
Ventral: Towards the sternum
Medial: Towards the centre of the animal
Lateral: Away from the centre of the animal
Name and describe the anatomical directions of the head
Rostral: Towards the nose (rostrum)
Caudal: Towards the ears
Name and describe the anatomical directions of the limbs
Proximal: Close to the trunk (body)
Distal: Away from the trunk (body)
Axial: Close to the axis of the central digit
Abaxial: Away from the axis of the central digit
Below the carpus:
Cranial becomes dorsal
Caudal becomes palmer
Below the tarsus:
Cranial becomes dorsal
Caudal becomes plantar
What is the axial skeleton?
Bones that lie on the midline
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Bones that make up the limbs
What are the sections of the vertebral column?
Starting cranially:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Caudal/Coccygeal
What are the two main body cavities?
Dorsal: Contains the brain and CNS
Ventral: Thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
What lines the thoracic cavity?
Pleura
What lines the abdominal cavity?
Peritoneum
What is the name of the layer which covers the organs?
Visceral
What is the name of the layer which is furthest from the organs?
Parietal
