Anatomical terminology

Question 1

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Answer 1

ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the body and PHYSIOLOGY is the study of the function of the body
- structure dictates function
- physiology shows how the anatomy works

Question 2

What are the types of Anatomy?

Answer 2

Developmental anatomy: changes through lifespan as the body develops
Microscopic anatomy: too small to see
Gross anatomy: visible to the naked eye
- regional gross anatomy (regions of the body)
- systemic gross anatomy (body systems)
- surface gross anatomy (surface of the body)

Question 3

What are the levels of structural organization?

Answer 3

1. Chemical level (atoms)
2. Cellular level (cells)
3. Tissue level (cells together)
4. Organ level (tissues together)
5. System level (organs together)
6. Organismal level (organ systems together)

Question 4

What is anatomical position?

Answer 4

the standard position of reference
- standing straight, facing forward, palms of hands facing forward, toes facing forward, feet shoulder-width apart

Question 5

What are the axial and appendicular skeletons?

Answer 5

AXIAL is the axis around which the body moves (where the limbs move)
APPENDICULAR is the limbs (appendages)

Question 6

Coronal plane (frontal plane)

Answer 6

divides into the front portion and back portion (anterior and posterior)

Question 7

Paramedian plane (sagittal plane)

Answer 7

• does not pass through the midline
• it is any image where you have right and left components but they are not equal

Question 8

Median sagittal plane

Answer 8

• passes through the midline
• divides into equal right and left halves

Question 9

Transverse plane

Answer 9

upper and lower portions (they are not halves)

Question 10

oblique plane

Answer 10

diagonal look

Question 11

superior/inferior

Answer 11

describes structures relative to each other in the vertical axis
- superior= closer to the top
- inferior= closer to the bottom

Question 12

Anterior/Posterior

Answer 12

describes structures relative to each other in terms of front and back
- anterior= closer to the front
- posterior= closer to the back

Question 13

Medial/Lateral

Answer 13

describes structures relative to each other in terms of the midline
- Medial= closer to the midline
- Lateral= further from the midline

Question 14

Proximal/Distal

Answer 14

closer to the midline/trunk versus further from the midline/trunk (center of body)
- proximal= closer/upper from the trunk
- distal= further/lower from the trunk

Question 15

Superficial/deep

Answer 15

superficial= outside body
deep= inside body

Question 16

What is flexion?

Answer 16

the motion that decreases a joint angle
- flexed angle is smaller
- have to say where the angle is occurring (e.g.. flexion at the neck)

Question 17

Dorsal and plantar flexion

Answer 17

flexion at the ankle
- dorsiflexion= toes upward
- plantarflexion= pointed toes

Question 18

What is extension?

Answer 18

the motion that increases a joint angle
- lowering angle=making it larger again

Question 19

adduction and abduction

Answer 19

moving away/towards the midline of the body
- Adduction= towards the midline
- Abduction= away from midline

Question 20

Lateral Flexion

Answer 20

is moving away from the midline
- head and trunk can tilt from left to right

Question 21

Radical deviation/Ulnar deviation

Answer 21

wrist deviation is the lateral flexion at the wrist that moves the hand toward either the radius (lateral) or the ulna (medial)
- Radical deviation= tilt on the thumb side
- Ulnar deviation= tilt on baby finger side

Question 22

What is rotation?

Answer 22

is the turning about the axis of the body
-rotation of the trunk or head

Question 23

Internal/External rotation

Answer 23

turning the limb around the limb axis
- Internal (medial)= rotating inwards towards midline
- External (lateral)= rotating outwards away from midline

Question 24

Supination/Pronation

Answer 24

Supination= palm up (can hold can of soup)
Pronation= palm down

Question 25

Inversion/Eversion

Answer 25

Inversion= soul of foot is inwards
Eversion= soul of foot is outwards