Anatomical terminology Flashcards
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the body and PHYSIOLOGY is the study of the function of the body
- structure dictates function
- physiology shows how the anatomy works
What are the types of Anatomy?
Developmental anatomy: changes through lifespan as the body develops
Microscopic anatomy: too small to see
Gross anatomy: visible to the naked eye
- regional gross anatomy (regions of the body)
- systemic gross anatomy (body systems)
- surface gross anatomy (surface of the body)
What are the levels of structural organization?
- Chemical level (atoms)
- Cellular level (cells)
- Tissue level (cells together)
- Organ level (tissues together)
- System level (organs together)
- Organismal level (organ systems together)
What is anatomical position?
the standard position of reference
- standing straight, facing forward, palms of hands facing forward, toes facing forward, feet shoulder-width apart
What are the axial and appendicular skeletons?
AXIAL is the axis around which the body moves (where the limbs move)
APPENDICULAR is the limbs (appendages)
Coronal plane (frontal plane)
divides into the front portion and back portion (anterior and posterior)
Paramedian plane (sagittal plane)
- does not pass through the midline
- it is any image where you have right and left components but they are not equal
Median sagittal plane
- passes through the midline
- divides into equal right and left halves
Transverse plane
upper and lower portions (they are not halves)
oblique plane
diagonal look
superior/inferior
describes structures relative to each other in the vertical axis
- superior= closer to the top
- inferior= closer to the bottom
Anterior/Posterior
describes structures relative to each other in terms of front and back
- anterior= closer to the front
- posterior= closer to the back
Medial/Lateral
describes structures relative to each other in terms of the midline
- Medial= closer to the midline
- Lateral= further from the midline
Proximal/Distal
closer to the midline/trunk versus further from the midline/trunk (center of body)
- proximal= closer/upper from the trunk
- distal= further/lower from the trunk
Superficial/deep
superficial= outside body
deep= inside body
What is flexion?
the motion that decreases a joint angle
- flexed angle is smaller
- have to say where the angle is occurring (e.g.. flexion at the neck)
Dorsal and plantar flexion
flexion at the ankle
- dorsiflexion= toes upward
- plantarflexion= pointed toes
What is extension?
the motion that increases a joint angle
- lowering angle=making it larger again
adduction and abduction
moving away/towards the midline of the body
- Adduction= towards the midline
- Abduction= away from midline
Lateral Flexion
is moving away from the midline
- head and trunk can tilt from left to right
Radical deviation/Ulnar deviation
wrist deviation is the lateral flexion at the wrist that moves the hand toward either the radius (lateral) or the ulna (medial)
- Radical deviation= tilt on the thumb side
- Ulnar deviation= tilt on baby finger side
What is rotation?
is the turning about the axis of the body
-rotation of the trunk or head
Internal/External rotation
turning the limb around the limb axis
- Internal (medial)= rotating inwards towards midline
- External (lateral)= rotating outwards away from midline
Supination/Pronation
Supination= palm up (can hold can of soup)
Pronation= palm down
Inversion/Eversion
Inversion= soul of foot is inwards
Eversion= soul of foot is outwards
