Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

What is the erect anatomical position?

Answer 1

1. Standing erect
2. Upper limbs by the side
3. Face and palms directed forward with eyes looking forward
4. The feet are close together.

Question 2

What are the anatomical terms of position ?

Answer 2

1. Erect anatomical position.
2. Supine position : The person on his back.
3. Prone position : The person lying on his abdomen with face looking downwards.
4. Lithotomy position : used during childbirth and surgery.

Question 3

What are the anatomical planes?

Answer 3

1. Median (sagittal) plane : a vertical plane that passes through the midline and divides the body into two equal right and left halves
2. Paramedian (parasagittal) plane : a vertical plane parallel to the median plane that cuts the body into two unequal right and left parts.
3. Coronal Plane : a vertical plane that’s perpendicular to the median plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
4. Horizontal ( Transeverse ) plane : a plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts and is perpendicular to the median and coronal planes.

Question 4

What are the anatomical terms of relation ?

Answer 4

1. Median : In the median plane.
2. Medial : Near the median plane.
3. Lateral : Away from the median plane.
4. Anterior ( ventral ) : Towards the front of the body.
5. Posterior ( dorsal ) : Towards the back of the body.
6. Superior ( cranial / cephalic ) : Towards the head.
7. Inferior ( caudal ) : Towards the feet.
8. Middle : On midpoint between two fixed ones.
9. Proximal : Near the trunk.
10. Distal : Away of the trunk.
11. Palmer : In the palm.
12. Planter : On the sole of the foot.
13. Superfacial : Near the surface.
14. Deep : Away from the surface.
    15 External : Towards the surface of a hollow organ.
15. Internal: Towards the cavity of a hollow organ.
16. Central : Towards the center of the body mass.
17. Peripheral : Away of the center of the body mass.
18. Ipsilateral : On the same side.
19. Contralateral : On the opposite side.

Question 5

What are the anatomical terms of movement?

Answer 5

1. Flexion and extension : bending and straightening.
2. Dorsi flexion and planter flexion : bending of the dorsum of the foot up and bending of the sole of the foot down.
3. Abduction and adduction : away from the body and towards the body.
4. Medial rotation and lateral rotation: rotation of a limb towards the median and rotation of the limb away from the body.

Question 6

What are the anatomical movements of the forearm ?

Answer 6

1. Pronation and supination : medial rotation of the forearm so the the palm faces backward and lateral rotation of the forearmso the palm faces forward.

Question 7

What are the anatomical movements of the foot ?

Answer 7

1. Inversion and eversion : sole faces inwards and sole faces outwards.

Question 8

What are the anatomical movements of the thumb ?

Answer 8

1. Flexion and extension
2. Abduction and adduction.
3. Opposition

Question 9

What are the movements of the mandible and the scapula ?

Answer 9

1. Protraction and retraction : to move forward and to move backward.
2. Depression and elevation : To move upwards and to move downwards.

Question 10

The shoulder , hip and thumb have a special movement. What is it ?

Answer 10

Circumduction : flexion then abduction then extension and then adduction.