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Year One - Anatomy > Anatomical Position & Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomical Position & Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

Standing erect

Head eyes and toes directed anteriorly

Upper limbs by their side with the palms facing anteriorly. The digits of the hand must be placed close together

Lower limbs close together, so that the heels are touching. The feet should be parallel, with the toes directed anteriorly

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2
Q

What are the anatomical planes?

A

Different lines used to divide the human body, whilst it is the anatomical position

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3
Q

What are the four anatomical planes?

A

Median plane

Saggital plane

Frontal plane

Transverse plane

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4
Q

What is the medial (mid-saggital) plane?

A

This is the vertical plane passing through the centre of the body, dividing it into equal left and right parts

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5
Q

What are the saggital planes?

A

These are vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane, dividing it into left and right parts

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6
Q

What is the difference between the mid-saggital and saggital plane?

A

The saggiata planes done pass through the centre of the body

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7
Q

What are the frontal planes?

A

These are vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing it into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

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8
Q

What are the transverse planes?

A

These are horizontal planes passing through the body, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

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9
Q

What does superior mean?

A

Nearer to head

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10
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

Nearer to feet

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11
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

Nearer to front

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12
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

Nearer to back

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13
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Nearer to median plane

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14
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Further from median plane

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15
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

Nearer to trunk

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16
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Further from trunk

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17
Q

What does superficial mean?

A

Nearer to the surface

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18
Q

What does deep mean?

A

Further from the surface

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19
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

Nearer the back of the body

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20
Q

What does ventral mean?

A

Nearer the front of the body

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21
Q

What does cranial mean?

A

Nearer to head

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22
Q

What does caudal mean?

A

Further from the head

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23
Q

What does palmar mean?

A

This is specifically used to refer to the hands. It means that the hand is facing anteriorly (towards the front)

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24
Q

What does dorsal mean when referring to the hands?

A

It means that the hand is facing posteriorly (towards the back)

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25
What does plantar mean?
This is specifically used to refer to the feet. It is another term used to refer to the sole of the feet, which is the inferior surface of the foot.
26
What does dorsal mean when referring to the feet?
It is another term used to refer to the dorsum of the feet, which is the superior surface of the foot.
27
What are compound descriptors? What do they describe?
Two spatial terms combined To describe intermediate positional arrangements
28
What does superolateral mean?
This is a combination of the terms superior and lateral, which therefore means nearer to the head and further from the medial plane
29
What does inferomedial mean?
This is a combination of the terms inferior and medial, which therefore means nearer to the feet and closer to the medial plane
30
What are the four terms which are used to describe laterality?
Bilateral Unilateral Ipsilateral Contralateral
31
What does bilateral mean?
This term is used to refer to both sides of the body
32
What does unilateral mean?
This term is used to refer to one side of the body
33
What does ipsilateral mean?
This term means on the same side of the body For example, the right thumb and right great toe are ipsilateral
34
What does contralateral?
This term means on the opposite side of the body For example, the right hand is contralateral to the left hand
35
What is flexion?
This is a bending movement around a joint that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb and the joint In other words, it’s a movement that makes two ventral (anterior) surfaces closer with each other
36
What is extension?
This is a vending movement around a joint that increases the angle between the bones of the limb and the joint In other words, it’s a movement that makes two anterior surfaces further apart
37
What is supination?
This is rotational movement of the radius bone in the arm, which moves the palm to the anterior facing position
38
What is pronation?
This is rotational movement of the hand and the upper arm, which moves the palm to the posterior facing position
39
What is abduction?
This is a movement that moves the limbs away from the midline of the body
40
What is adduction?
This is a movement that brings the limbs towards the midline of the body
41
What is lateral rotation?
This is rotating movement away from the midline of the body
42
What is medial rotation?
This is rotating movement towards the midline of the body
43
What is circumduction?
This is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. In other words, circular movement of a limb
44
What is inversion?
This is a movement in which the sole of the foot rotates towards the midline of the body, in other words it turns inwards
45
What is eversion?
This is a movement in which the sole of the foot rotates away from the midline of the body, in other words it turns outwards
46
What is dorsiflexion?
This is a backwards flexion of the hand or foot. This means that it is the same as extension
47
What is plantarflexion?
This is a backwards extension of the hand or foot. This means that it is the same as flexion
48
What are the eight regions of the body?
Head Neck Thorax Back Abdomen Pelvis Lower limb Upper limb
49
What makes up the upper limb?
Upper limb girlde Shoulder Arm Elbow Forearm Wrist Hand
50
What makes up the lower limb?
Lower limb girdle Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot
51
What are cavities of the body?
Sections of the body which contain internal organs or viscera
52
What are the two main cavities?
Ventral Dorsal
53
What is the ventral cavity?
A cavity which contains organs in the ventral position of the body
54
What structure divides the ventral cavity into two?
The diaphragm
55
What are the three subdivisions of the ventral cavity?
Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity Abdominopelvic cavity
56
What are the pleural and pericardial cavities referred to as?
The thorax cavity
57
What organ does the pleural cavity contain?
Lungs
58
What organ does the pericardial cavity contain?
Heart
59
List four organs that the abdominopelvic cavity contains
Kidneys Urinary bladder Stomach Uterus
60
What is the dorsal cavity?
A cavity which contains organs in the dorsal portion of the body
61
What are the two subdivisions of the dorsal cavity?
Cranial cavity Spinal cavity
62
What organ does the cranial cavity contain?
Brain
63
What organ does the spinal cavity contain?
Spine

Year One - Anatomy (6 decks)

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