Anatomical medical terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Gross anatomy (another name of it and what is it
A
macroscopic anatomy
study of structures that can be viewed with the unaided eye
2
Q
Histology (another name of it and what is it
A
microscopic anatomy
study of structures that can be seen with the aid of magnification (using microscope)
3
Q
physiology
A
study of the normal function of different parts of the body
4
Q
metabolism
A
the term that indicates all chemical reactions in the body
5
Q
Anterior (another name of it and what is it
A
ventral
toward or at the front of the body
6
Q
Posterior (another name of it and what is it
A
dorsal
nearer to or at the back of the body
7
Q
Proximal
A
closer to any point of reference, the origin of a structure or the centre of the body
8
Q
Superficial
A
located close to or on the surface of the body
9
Q
Lateral
A
away from the midline of the body
10
Q
deep
A
located further beneath the body’s surface
11
Q
ipsilateral
A
located on the same side of the body
12
Q
contralateral
A
on the opposite side of the body
13
Q
cervical
A
refers to the neck
14
Q
thoracic
A
chest- region between neck and abdomen
15
Q
lumbar
A
portion of back between thorax(middle of chest) and pelvis
16
Q
sacral
A
lower portion of back, superior to the buttocks
17
Q
palmar
A
anterior surface of the hands (手心
18
Q
plantar
A
sole of the foot
19
Q
dorsum
A
the back or posterior part of a structure
20
Q
inguinal
A
region where abdominal wall and wall of thigh meet
21
Q
supine
A
lying face up
22
Q
prone
A
lying face down
23
Q
how are body cavities created?
A
using bones, muscles, ligaments, etc to separate from one another
24
Q
cranial cavity
A
protective casing for the human brain continuous with the vertebral canal
25
pericardial cavity
heart lies within
26
pleural cavity
fluid filled space surrounding the lungs
27
thoracic cavity contains
the pericardial and pleural cavity
28
abdominopelvic cavity contains
abdominal and pelvic cavities
29
serous membranes
slippery double layered membrane
30
pleura
inside of which resides the lungs – the parietal layer of
serous pleura lines the internal thoracic wall, while the visceral layer of serous
pleura lines the lungs. A small amount of lubricating fluid is found within the
space between – the pleural cavity.
31
visceral layer of serous membrane
lines the organ, consists of thin epithelial layer of cells
32
parietal layer of serous membrane
lines wall of cavity, also consists of a thin epithelial layer of cells
33
peritoneum
membrane of the abdominal cavity
the parietal layer of
the peritoneum lines the inside of the abdominal wall and inferior diaphragm,
while the visceral layer lines the abdominal organs. A small amount of serous
lubricating fluid can be found in the space between – the peritoneal cavity.
34
pericardium
the sac that surrounds the heart; the
parietal layer of serous pericardium lines the inside of the pericardial sac (called
the fibrous pericardium) and the visceral layer of serous pericardium lines the
heart itself. A small amount of lubricating fluid is also found within the space
between – the pericardial cavity.
35
what is between the visceral layer and the parietal layer?
a potential space filled with serous fluid, allowing organs to slide around without abrasion
36
pneumothorax
The fluid in between the layers of the pleura helps adhere the lungs to the chest wall so
that when you inhale, and your chest expands, it pulls your lungs with them, increasing
their volume. If something punctures this space, for example, a penetrating wound of a
rib fracture following a car accident, this can allow air to fill this space.
The air prevents the visceral layer of pleura on the lung to stick to the
parietal layer, and the lung collapses.
37
haemothorax
if blood fills the space in between layers of the pleura
38
cardiac tamponade
blood filling the pericardial space, eventually leads to restriction of the heart being able to effectively contract.
39
anatomical position
- the standard position in which the body is placed for all
descriptive accounts and is universally accepted as the starting point about which body movement can be easily and accurately described.
In the anatomical position, in lay terms, the person has:
1) The body erect (standing)
2) Hands and eyes facing forward
3) Arms at sides
4) Palms facing forward
5) Flat feet on the floor
40
sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body,
or an organ, into right and left sides.
41
mid-sagittal / median plane
e passes
through the midline of the body, or an organ,
dividing it into equal left and right sides.
42
parasagittal plane
does not pass through
the midline of the body, or an organ, and thus
divides it into unequal left and right sides.
43
frontal plane (another name and what is it
coronal plane
divides the body, or an
organ, into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
portions.
44
transverse (another name and what is it
cross-sectional/ horizontal
divides the body, or an organ, into superior (upper)
and inferior (lower) portions.
45
longitudinal sections
run lengthwise in the direction of the long axis of the body.
Longitudinal sections can include sagittal sections and coronal sections.
46
transverse sections
run at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body.
They are formed by cuts made along transverse planes.
47
oblique sections
are not formed by cuts along any of the basic anatomical planes as
described earlier.
Instead, these sections pass though the body in any plane that is not either a longitudinal or
transverse plane.
48
abdominopelvic regions fill in diagram
photos
49
abdominopelvic quadrants fill in diagram
photos
50
subcostal line
runs beneath inferior border of ribs
51
midclavicular line
line running down from the middle of both clavicles
52
transtubercular line
drawn just inferior to the top of hip bones
53
rhin-
nose
54
epi
upon
55
-itis
inflammation of
56
-blast, -cyte
cell
57
radiography (description and limitations
X-rays are passed through the body, producing an
image of internal structures on x-ray sensitive film
or detectors. Hollow structures (e.g., lungs) appear
black, dense structures (e.g., bones) appear white.
Limitations: 2D image only; Bones absorb x-rays so
may mask internal features; x-rays are harmful
ionizing radiation and may cause damage to cells.
58
magnetic resonance imaging (description and limitations
The body is exposed to a high-energy magnetic
field, which causes protons in the body to arrange
themselves in relation to the field. These protons
are then “read” and converted into two- or threedimensional images. Multiple images are taken at a
time to create a scrollable view in multiple angles.
Limitations: Due to the strong magnetic fields,
people with metal (e.g., pacemaker) cannot be
scanned; small space can cause claustrophobia in
patients; contrast medium used can cause
reactions in people.
59
computed tomography (description and limitations
An x-ray is rotated around a section of the body in
an arc to form a transverse section of the body.
Multiple images may be taken to create a
scrollable view from inferior to superior regions of
the body.
Limitations: Very high dose of x-rays (limit of 25
chest CTs in a lifetime); contract medium used can
cause reactions in people.
60
ultrasound scanning (description and limitations
High-frequency sound waves produced by a
handheld probe reflect off body tissues and are
detected by the same probe. These are then
visualised on a computer screen or monitor. Blood
flow can also be detected (Doppler ultrasound).
Trans-vaginal ultrasonography may be used during
very early pregnancy when an embryo may not be
visualised through normal abdominopelvic
ultrasonography.
Limitations: Sound waves do not travel well
through air, bone or fat; generally, only superficial
features are visualised due to the limitation of the
penetration of sound waves; experienced
sonographer required for interpretation and use.
61
endoscopy (description and limitations
A lighted camera/lens is placed inside the cavity to
create an image. For example, a colonoscopy
examines the cleared large intestine and rectum.
Limitations: Often requires anaesthesia (local or
general) and certain versions require stitches (e.g.,
laparoscopy, arthroscopy); possibility of bleeding,
infection, perforation.
62
where is body water distributed?
1. Intracellular compartment: inside all the cells in the body (intra means inside)
2. Extracellular compartment: the outside of all the cells of the body (extra means outside).
The extracellular compartment is divided into two spaces:
a. Interstitial space: the little space in between the cells when they do not touch each
other. (inter means in between)
b. Intravascular space: the content of all the vessels of the body: arteries, capillaries, and
veins. (vascular refers to vessels).
