ANAT: Vertebral column

Question 1

• Lumbar spine has _________ curvature.
• Thoracic spine has _______ curvature.
• Where else has these types of curvature?

Answer 1

• Lumbar spine has lordotic curvature.
• Thoracic spine has kyphotic curvature.
• Lordotic: lumbar and cervical.
• Kyphotic: Thoracic and sacral.

Question 2

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

7

• C8 emerges from between C7 and T1.

Question 3

Label the following vertebrae using the following labels (don’t forget to label anterior and superior).

• Spinous process.
• Pedicle.
• Vertebral foramen.
• Body (centrum).
• Superior articular process.
• Vertebral arch.
• Lamina.
• Transverse process.

Answer 3

Question 4

Fill in the following diagram using the following labels.

• Pedicle.
• Intervertebral disc.
• Costal facet.
• Transverse process.
• Intervertebral foramen.
• Apophyseal joint.
• Spinous process.
• Superior costal demifacet.
• Inferior costal demifacet.
• Superior articular process.
• Inferior articular process.

Answer 4

Question 5

• What structures do the dorsal rami of the spinal nerve innervate?
• What structures do the ventral rami of the spinal nerve innervate?

Answer 5

• Epimere structures.
  
  • E.g. intrinsic muscles of the back.
• Hypomere structures.
  
  • Muscles of limbs and body wall.

Question 6

• What do white rami communicans do?
  
  • Where are they found?
• What do grey rami communicans do?
  
  • Where are they found?

Answer 6

• Input from CNS to sympathetic system.
  
  • Thoracic region (T1-L1).
• Sympathetic output to spinal nerves.
  
  • All nerves (C1-Co1).