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MSK Lectures > ANAT: Upper limb anatomy > Flashcards

ANAT: Upper limb anatomy Flashcards

1
Q
  • What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
  • Are they anterior or posterior?
A
  • Supraspinatous muscle (both)
  • Infraspinatous muscle. (posterior)
  • Teres minor muscle. (posterior)
  • Subscapularis muscle. (anterior)
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2
Q

What are the spinal roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-C8 and T1.

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3
Q

Name the order of the parts of the brachial plexus?

A

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

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4
Q

What forms the superior trunk?

A

C5 and C6

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5
Q

What forms the middle trunk?

A

C7

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6
Q

What forms the inferior trunk?

A

C8 and T1.

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7
Q
  • How are the three cords named?
  • What are their names?
A
  • Position relative to the axillary artery.
  • Lateral, posterior, medial.
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8
Q

What forms the lateral cord?

A

The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunk.

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9
Q

What forms the posterior cord?

A

The posterior divisions of all three trunks.

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10
Q

What forms the medial cord?

A

The anterior division of the inferior trunk.

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11
Q

The lateral cord gives rise to what three nerves?

A
  • Lateral pectoral nerve. - Musculocutaneous nerve. - Lateral root of the median nerve.
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12
Q

The posterior cord gives rise to what five nerves? (Hint: ULTRA)

A
  • Upper subscapular nerve. - Lower subscapular nerve. - Thoracordorsal nerve. - Axillary nerve. - Radial nerve.
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13
Q

The medial cord gives rise to what five nerves?

A
  • Medial pectoral nerve. - Medial brachial cutaneous nerve. - Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. - Median nerve. - Ulnar nerve.
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14
Q

Minor branches from roots are? (Hint: there’s two)

A
  • Dorsal scapular nerve. - Long thoracic nerve.
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15
Q

Minor branches from the superior trunk are? (Hint: there’s two)

A
  • Suprascapular nerve.
  • Subclavian nerve.
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16
Q

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by the ____ rami.

A

Anterior rami.

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17
Q

What is Erb’s palsy?

A

Upper brachial plexus damage caused by an excessive angle between the neck and the shoulder.

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18
Q
  • Where is Erb’s point?
  • What is it?
A
  • The union of the C5 and C6 roots.
  • The most commonly damaged location leading to Erb’s palsy.
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19
Q

Name the three shoulder flexion muscles.

A
  • Anterior deltoid.
  • Pectoralis major.
  • Coracobrachialis.
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20
Q

Name the three shoulder extension muscles.

A
  • Latissimus dorsi.
  • Posterior deltoid.
  • Pectoralis major.
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21
Q

Name the four shoulder abduction muscles:

  • Two prior to 120 degree upward rotation.
  • Two others after.
A
  • Middle deltoid.
  • Supraspinatus (initiates).

AFTER 120 DEGREES UPWARD ROTATION.

  • Trapezius.
  • Serratius anterior.
22
Q

Name the two shoulder adduction muscles.

A
  • Pectoralis major.
  • Latissimus dorsi.
23
Q

Name the three shoulder external rotation muscles.

A
  • Infraspinatus.
  • Posterior deltoid.
  • Teres minor.
24
Q

Name the six shoulder muscles involved with stabilisation of the glenohumeral joint.

A

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES.

  • Supraspinatus.
  • Infraspinatous.
  • Teres minor.
  • Subscapularis.
  • Coracobrachialis.
  • Triceps brachii.
25
Q

Name the five shoulder internal rotation muscles.

A
  • Pectoralis major.
  • Latissimus dorsi.
  • Anterior deltoid.
  • Subscapularis.
  • Teres MAJOR.
26
Q

Name the five muscles of the hand innervated by the median nerve. (Hint: LOAF)

A
  • Lateral lumbricals I and II.
  • Opponens pollicis.
  • Abductor pollicis brevis.
  • Flexor pollicis brevis.
27
Q

What are the four superficial anterior forearm muscles?

A
  • Pronator teres.
  • Flexor carpi radialis.
  • Palmaris longus.
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris.
28
Q

What are the five superficial posterior shoulder muscles?

A
  • Trapezius.
  • Rhomboid minor.
  • Rhomboid major.
  • Deltoid.
  • Latissimus dorsi.
29
Q

What are the five deep posterior shoulder muscles?

A
  • Levator scapulae.
  • Supraspinatus.
  • Infraspinatus.
  • Teres minor.
  • Teres major.
30
Q

What are the five superficial anterior shoulder muscles?

A
  • Trapezius.
  • Deltoid.
  • Pectoralis major.
  • Coracobrachialis.
  • Biceps brachii.
31
Q

What are the two ligaments that make up the coracoclavicular ligament?

A
  • Trapezoid ligament.
  • Coracoid ligament.
32
Q

Where does the pronator teres muscle insert?

A

Mid-shaft of the radius.

33
Q

The median nerve innervates the anterior component of the forearm, except for…? (Two exceptions)

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve).
  • Flexor digitorum profundus (partial ulnar supply).
34
Q
  • What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?
  • What is the attachment of the FCR?
  • What is the nerve innervation and action of the FCR?
A
  • Medial epicondyle of the humerus.
  • The base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.
  • Median nerve; flexion of the wrist and abduction of the hand.
35
Q

Besides flexion of the wrist, what other function does the FCR serve?

A

Abduction of the hand.

36
Q

What are the two insertions of the palmaris longus?

A
  • Palmar aponeurosis.
  • Flexor retinaculum of the wrist.
37
Q
  • What is the action of the palmaris longus?
  • How can it be observed?
  • What nerve innervates the palmaris longus?
A
  • Flexion of the wrist.
  • Putting the pinkie and the thumb together and flexing the wrist (line can be seen).
  • Median nerve.
38
Q
  • What is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
  • What are the three insertions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
  • What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
A
  • Medial epicondyle.
  • Pisiform.
  • Hook of the hamate.
  • Base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
  • Flexion of the wrist and adduction of the hand.
39
Q

Identify these three muscles.

A

Lateral: Abductor pollicis brevis.

Intermediate: Palmaris longus.

Medial: Palmaris brevis.

40
Q
  • What are the name of these muscles?
  • How are they numbered?
  • What innervates them?
A
  • Lumbricals.
  • Lateral ⇒ medial.
  • Lateral I/II: median nerve (LOAF acronym).
  • Lateral III/IV: ulnar nerve.
41
Q
  • What are the eight carpal bones in the hand?
  • Which is the largest?
A
  1. Scaphoid.
  2. Lunate.
  3. Triquetrum.
  4. Pisiform.
  5. Trapezium.
  6. Trapezoid.
  7. Capitate.
  8. Hamate.

Capitate.

42
Q

Name these two muscles.

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris.
  • Flexor carpi radialis.
43
Q
  • What are these two muscles?
  • What are their origins?
  • What is their common insertion?
  • What nerve innervates this muscle?
A
  • Adductor pollicis tranverse and oblique heads.
    • They hook under the first lumbrical.

ORIGINS

  • Oblique: Capitate bone and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.
  • Transverse: Anterior body of the 3rd metacarpal.

INSERTION

  • Base of the proximial phalanx of the first digit.
  • Deep branch of the ulnar nerve.
  • Adduction of the thumb at the carpometapcarpal joint.
44
Q

What are these three muscles?

A

OAF muscles

  • Opponens pollicis (most lateral).
  • Abductor pollicis brevis (sits over the other two).
  • Flexor pollicis brevis.
45
Q

Four of the five superficial posterior shoulder muscles are depicted.

  • What are they?
  • Which is the fifth one and where can it be found?
A

Medial:

  • Rhomboid minor.
  • Rhomboid major.
  • Latissimus dorsi.

Lateral:

  • Deltoid.
  • Trapezius.
  • Overlaying the other four.
46
Q
A
47
Q

Depicted are five deeper, posterior shoulder muscles. What are they?

A
  • Levator scapulae.
  • Supraspinatus.
  • Infraspinatus.
    • Note: more posterior than supraspinatus, and hence is tested using external rotation.
  • Teres minor.
  • Teres major.
48
Q

Identify these six structures.

  • Which superficial anterior shoulder muscle is missing?
A
  • In neck: sternocleidomastoid.
  • Chest: pectoralis major.
  • Shoulder: deltoids.
  • Most posterior is the trapezius.
  • Medial arm: biceps brachii short head.
  • Lateral arm: biceps brachii long head.
  • Coracobrachialis.
49
Q

Name these three muscles.

A
  • Lateral: Biceps brachii long head.
  • Medial: Biceps brachii short head.
  • Smaller and deeper: Coracobrachialis.
  • Note: all are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
50
Q
  • Fill in A-I.
  • Identify nerves J, K, L.
  • What does the shading indicate?
A

J: Subscapular nerves.
R → L

  • Upper subscapular.
  • Thoracodorsal.
  • Lower subscapular.

K: Medial pectoral nerve.

L: Suprascapular nerve.

SHADING

  • Dark: posterior.
  • Light stippling: anterior.
51
Q

Name these two muscles.

A
  • Serrated looking one: serratus anterior.
  • Deep to pec major: pectoralis minor.
52
Q

Identify these two muscles.

A
  • Attaching to the head of the humerus: subscapularis.
  • Under the clavicle: subclavius.

MSK Lectures (22 decks)

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