ANAT: Upper limb anatomy Flashcards
- What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
- Are they anterior or posterior?
- Supraspinatous muscle (both)
- Infraspinatous muscle. (posterior)
- Teres minor muscle. (posterior)
- Subscapularis muscle. (anterior)
What are the spinal roots of the brachial plexus?
C5-C8 and T1.
Name the order of the parts of the brachial plexus?
Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches
What forms the superior trunk?
C5 and C6
What forms the middle trunk?
C7
What forms the inferior trunk?
C8 and T1.
- How are the three cords named?
- What are their names?
- Position relative to the axillary artery.
- Lateral, posterior, medial.
What forms the lateral cord?
The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunk.
What forms the posterior cord?
The posterior divisions of all three trunks.
What forms the medial cord?
The anterior division of the inferior trunk.
The lateral cord gives rise to what three nerves?
- Lateral pectoral nerve. - Musculocutaneous nerve. - Lateral root of the median nerve.
The posterior cord gives rise to what five nerves? (Hint: ULTRA)
- Upper subscapular nerve. - Lower subscapular nerve. - Thoracordorsal nerve. - Axillary nerve. - Radial nerve.
The medial cord gives rise to what five nerves?
- Medial pectoral nerve. - Medial brachial cutaneous nerve. - Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. - Median nerve. - Ulnar nerve.
Minor branches from roots are? (Hint: there’s two)
- Dorsal scapular nerve. - Long thoracic nerve.
Minor branches from the superior trunk are? (Hint: there’s two)
- Suprascapular nerve.
- Subclavian nerve.
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by the ____ rami.
Anterior rami.
What is Erb’s palsy?
Upper brachial plexus damage caused by an excessive angle between the neck and the shoulder.
- Where is Erb’s point?
- What is it?
- The union of the C5 and C6 roots.
- The most commonly damaged location leading to Erb’s palsy.
Name the three shoulder flexion muscles.
- Anterior deltoid.
- Pectoralis major.
- Coracobrachialis.
Name the three shoulder extension muscles.
- Latissimus dorsi.
- Posterior deltoid.
- Pectoralis major.
Name the four shoulder abduction muscles:
- Two prior to 120 degree upward rotation.
- Two others after.
- Middle deltoid.
- Supraspinatus (initiates).
AFTER 120 DEGREES UPWARD ROTATION.
- Trapezius.
- Serratius anterior.
Name the two shoulder adduction muscles.
- Pectoralis major.
- Latissimus dorsi.
Name the three shoulder external rotation muscles.
- Infraspinatus.
- Posterior deltoid.
- Teres minor.
Name the six shoulder muscles involved with stabilisation of the glenohumeral joint.
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES.
- Supraspinatus.
- Infraspinatous.
- Teres minor.
- Subscapularis.
- Coracobrachialis.
- Triceps brachii.
Name the five shoulder internal rotation muscles.
- Pectoralis major.
- Latissimus dorsi.
- Anterior deltoid.
- Subscapularis.
- Teres MAJOR.
Name the five muscles of the hand innervated by the median nerve. (Hint: LOAF)
- Lateral lumbricals I and II.
- Opponens pollicis.
- Abductor pollicis brevis.
- Flexor pollicis brevis.
What are the four superficial anterior forearm muscles?
- Pronator teres.
- Flexor carpi radialis.
- Palmaris longus.
- Flexor carpi ulnaris.
What are the five superficial posterior shoulder muscles?
- Trapezius.
- Rhomboid minor.
- Rhomboid major.
- Deltoid.
- Latissimus dorsi.
What are the five deep posterior shoulder muscles?
- Levator scapulae.
- Supraspinatus.
- Infraspinatus.
- Teres minor.
- Teres major.
What are the five superficial anterior shoulder muscles?
- Trapezius.
- Deltoid.
- Pectoralis major.
- Coracobrachialis.
- Biceps brachii.
What are the two ligaments that make up the coracoclavicular ligament?
- Trapezoid ligament.
- Coracoid ligament.
Where does the pronator teres muscle insert?
Mid-shaft of the radius.
The median nerve innervates the anterior component of the forearm, except for…? (Two exceptions)
- Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve).
- Flexor digitorum profundus (partial ulnar supply).
- What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?
- What is the attachment of the FCR?
- What is the nerve innervation and action of the FCR?
- Medial epicondyle of the humerus.
- The base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.
- Median nerve; flexion of the wrist and abduction of the hand.
Besides flexion of the wrist, what other function does the FCR serve?
Abduction of the hand.
What are the two insertions of the palmaris longus?
- Palmar aponeurosis.
- Flexor retinaculum of the wrist.
- What is the action of the palmaris longus?
- How can it be observed?
- What nerve innervates the palmaris longus?
- Flexion of the wrist.
- Putting the pinkie and the thumb together and flexing the wrist (line can be seen).
- Median nerve.
- What is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
- What are the three insertions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
- What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
- Medial epicondyle.
- Pisiform.
- Hook of the hamate.
- Base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
- Flexion of the wrist and adduction of the hand.
Identify these three muscles.
Lateral: Abductor pollicis brevis.
Intermediate: Palmaris longus.
Medial: Palmaris brevis.
- What are the name of these muscles?
- How are they numbered?
- What innervates them?
- Lumbricals.
- Lateral ⇒ medial.
- Lateral I/II: median nerve (LOAF acronym).
- Lateral III/IV: ulnar nerve.
- What are the eight carpal bones in the hand?
- Which is the largest?
- Scaphoid.
- Lunate.
- Triquetrum.
- Pisiform.
- Trapezium.
- Trapezoid.
- Capitate.
- Hamate.
Capitate.
Name these two muscles.
- Flexor carpi ulnaris.
- Flexor carpi radialis.
- What are these two muscles?
- What are their origins?
- What is their common insertion?
- What nerve innervates this muscle?
- Adductor pollicis tranverse and oblique heads.
- They hook under the first lumbrical.
ORIGINS
- Oblique: Capitate bone and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.
- Transverse: Anterior body of the 3rd metacarpal.
INSERTION
- Base of the proximial phalanx of the first digit.
- Deep branch of the ulnar nerve.
- Adduction of the thumb at the carpometapcarpal joint.
What are these three muscles?
OAF muscles
- Opponens pollicis (most lateral).
- Abductor pollicis brevis (sits over the other two).
- Flexor pollicis brevis.
Four of the five superficial posterior shoulder muscles are depicted.
- What are they?
- Which is the fifth one and where can it be found?
Medial:
- Rhomboid minor.
- Rhomboid major.
- Latissimus dorsi.
Lateral:
- Deltoid.
- Trapezius.
- Overlaying the other four.
Depicted are five deeper, posterior shoulder muscles. What are they?
- Levator scapulae.
- Supraspinatus.
- Infraspinatus.
- Note: more posterior than supraspinatus, and hence is tested using external rotation.
- Teres minor.
- Teres major.
Identify these six structures.
- Which superficial anterior shoulder muscle is missing?
- In neck: sternocleidomastoid.
- Chest: pectoralis major.
- Shoulder: deltoids.
- Most posterior is the trapezius.
- Medial arm: biceps brachii short head.
- Lateral arm: biceps brachii long head.
- Coracobrachialis.
Name these three muscles.
- Lateral: Biceps brachii long head.
- Medial: Biceps brachii short head.
- Smaller and deeper: Coracobrachialis.
- Note: all are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
- Fill in A-I.
- Identify nerves J, K, L.
- What does the shading indicate?
J: Subscapular nerves.
R → L
- Upper subscapular.
- Thoracodorsal.
- Lower subscapular.
K: Medial pectoral nerve.
L: Suprascapular nerve.
SHADING
- Dark: posterior.
- Light stippling: anterior.
Name these two muscles.
- Serrated looking one: serratus anterior.
- Deep to pec major: pectoralis minor.
Identify these two muscles.
- Attaching to the head of the humerus: subscapularis.
- Under the clavicle: subclavius.
