anat - repro Flashcards
In a patient with stage 4 ovarian cancer, where is the MOST LIKELY first lymphatic spread of metastasis?
a. Paraaortic
b. Common iliac
c. Superficial inguinal
d. Deep inguinal
a. Paraaortic (lumbar)
Consider melanoma located on the labia majora. The cancer will MOST LIKELY metastasize first to which lymph nodes?
a. Deep inguinal
b. Superficial inguinal
c. Common iliac
d. Paraaortic
b. Superficial inguinal
During labour and delivery, you put in a pudendal nerve block. Which part of the labia majora would not be denervated?
a. Posterior 2/3 by S3
b. Anterior 2/3 by L1
c. Anterior 1/3 by L1
d. Posterior 1/3 by S3
c. Anterior 1/3 by L1 (ilioinguinal n.)
Branches of pudendal nerve:
1. perineal nerve
- motor: muscles of superficial and deep pouches
branches:
- posterior scrotal (labial) nerve –> sensory to posterior scrotum (M) labia minora and all EXCEPT anterior labia majora (F)
- deep perineal nerve
motor: muscles of superficial perineal pouch
sensory: vestibule and inferior part of vagina (F)
- inferior rectal nerve
- motor: external anal sphincter
- sensory: peri-anal skin - dorsal nerve of penis (clitoris)
what are the branches of pudendal nerve?
- perineal nerve
- posterior scrotal (labial) nerve
- deep perineal nerve (motor innervation to external urethral sphincter, deep transverse perineal muscle) - inferior rectal nerve
- motor: external anal sphincter
- sensory: peri-anal skin - dorsal nerve of penis (clitoris)
which muscle most clearly demarcates the boundary between urogenital and anal triangles?
superficial transverse perineal muscle
rupture of _____ portion of urethra results in collection of urine within pelvis (deep perineal pouch)
membranous
rupture of _____ portion of _____ urethra results in collection of urine within superficial space
bulbous portion; spongy
what prevents urine from spreading laterally into the thigh when there is rupture of bulbous portion of spongy urethra?
Colles fascia as it is firmly attached to deep fascia and ischiopubic ramus
what prevents urine from spreading posteriorly into anal canal when there is rupture of bulbous portion of spongy urethra?
Colles fascia and perineal membrane are fused
rupture of ____ urethra results in collection of urine within penis
distal spongy
what is the lymphatic drainage of testes?
para-aortic (lumbar) lymph nodes
what is the lymphatic drainage of scrotum?
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
what nerves provide sensory innervation to anterior scrotum?
ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerve
what is the lymphatic drainage of skin and prepuce of penis?
superficial inguinal nodes
what is the lymphatic drainage of glans of penis?
deep inguinal nodes
what the origin of enlargement of BPH in the prostate?
transition zone
what is the origin of prostate cancer in prostate?
peripheral zone
what are the 3 parts of the broad ligament of uterus?
mesometrium (enclose uterus)
mesosalpinx (enclose fallopian tubes)
mesovarium (enclose ovaries)
which fold of peritoneum holds ovarian vessels?
a. ovarian ligament
b. mesosalpinx
c. round ligament
d. falciform ligament
e. suspensory ligament of ovary
e. suspensory ligament of ovary (continuous with mesovarium)
which ligament anchors ovary to uterus?
a. suspensory ligament of ovary
b. ovarian ligament
c. round ligament
d. cardinal ligament
b. ovarian ligament (remnant of gubernaculum)
what are the ligaments located within broad ligament?
- suspensory ligament (pelvic wall to ovaries)
- round ligament (uterus to labia majora)
- ovarian ligament (ovaries to uterus)
which ligament connects uterus to labia majora?
a. suspensory ligament of ovary
b. ligament of ovary
c. round ligament
d. cardinal ligament
c. round ligament (remnant of gubernaculum; goes through inguinal canal to labia)
which ligament connects the cervix to pelvic wall?
a. suspensory ligament of ovary
b. ligament of ovary
c. round ligament
d. cardinal ligament
d. cardinal ligament
which ligament connects ovaries to pelvic wall?
a. suspensory ligament of ovary
b. ligament of ovary
c. round ligament
d. cardinal ligament
a. suspensory ligament of ovary
which vessel crosses anteriorly to the ureter?
a. ovarian artery
b. internal pudendal artery
c. uterine artery
d. inferior rectal artery
e. lateral sacral artery
c. uterine artery
which part of male urethra is surrounded by internal urethral sphincter?
pre-prostatic urethra
which part of male urethra is surrounded by external urethral sphincter?
membranous urethra
in pelvic floor injury due to childbirth, which two levator ani muscles are more often torn?
puborectalis and pubococcygeus
which is the narrowest part of the fallopian tube?
a. infundibulum
b. ampulla
c. isthmus
d. intramural
c. isthmus
which artery needs to be ligated before a total hysterectomy?
uterine artery
what are the pelvic floor muscles?
- levator ani
- puborectalis
- pubococcygeus
- iliococcygeus - coccygeus
proportionally, the female pelvis has a ____ than the male pelvis
a. larger pelvic inlet
b. smaller subpubic angle
c. narrower pubic arch
d. smaller pelvic outlet
e. narrower pelvic inlet
a. larger pelvic inlet
to which lymph nodes will lymph from prostate most likely drain first?
a. para-aortic
b. inguinal
c. lumbar
d. internal iliac
e. external iliac
d. internal iliac
which 2 nerves provide sensory innervation to anterior 1/3 of labia majora?
ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves
While reviewing a radiograph of the pelvis, a surgeon noticed a fracture line involving the boundary of the pelvic inlet. Which of the following structures is possibly damaged?
A. Anterior inferior iliac spine
B. Iliac crest
C. Inferior pubic ramus
D. Promontory of the sacrum
D. Promontory of the sacrum
Which of the arteries supplying the clitoris pass through and supply the corpora cavernosa?
a. Deep arteries
b. Arteries of the bulb
c. Dorsal arteries
d. Internal pudendal arteries
a. Deep arteries
