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ANAT 150 > ANAT 150 Chapter 7 Lecture Notes > Flashcards

ANAT 150 Chapter 7 Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Skeleton System

A
  • Protects organs (cranium of skull protects brain)
  • Mineral storage (calcium & phosphate called hydroxyapatite)
  • Body movements (in conjunction with muscular & nervous systems)
  • Body support (blood cell production: erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes)
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2
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Midline bones

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3
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones off midline

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4
Q

What digits have no middle phalange bone?

A

Digit 1

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5
Q

What is the Os Coxa?

A

Hip bone (3 separate bones fuse in growth)

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6
Q

Neurocranium

A

Braincase, surrounds and protects brain

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7
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Facial bones, protect major sensory organs (eyes, nose, tongue)

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8
Q

_______ and _______ have alveolar processes and sockets for tooth attachment

A

Maxilla & mandible

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9
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper fixed bone of jaw

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10
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw bone, not part of skull but is attached & articulates to skull

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11
Q

What structure did we palpate in class and is below the ear?

A

Mastoid process

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12
Q

Name two bones that form the zygomatic arch

A

Zygomatic process & temporal process

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13
Q

What are the teeth and bones associated with them?

A
  • Maxilla (upper jaw)
  • Alveolar processes (where teeth are found in)
  • Mandible (lower jaw)
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14
Q

What is the joint called that connects the jaw to the skull?

A

Temporal mandibular joint (TMJ)

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15
Q

What part of the skull does the styloid process belong to?

A

Temporal bone

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16
Q

What part of the skull does the styloid process belong to?

A

Styloid is in the temporal bone

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17
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Between frontal and two parietal bones

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18
Q

Sagittal Suture

A

Between right and left parietal bones

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19
Q

Lambdoid Stuture

A

Between the parietal bones and occipital bone

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20
Q

Squamous Suture

A

Between the parietal bones and temporal bone

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21
Q

What is the eyebrow ridge called?

A

Supraorbital margin

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22
Q

What is a hole (nerve) in the supraorbital margin called?

A

Supraorbital foramen

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23
Q

What are clefts in the orbital region of the skull called?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

What is the hole on the maxilla (upper jaw) by the cheekbone called?

A

Infraorbital foramen

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25
Q

What are the two middle concha of the nose, and what is their plural form?

A

Middle nasal concha and inferior nasal concha. Plural form: nasal conchae

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26
Q

What is the roof of the orbit called?

A

Frontal bone

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27
Q

What is the roof and posterolateral of the orbit called?

A

Sphenoid bone

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28
Q

What is the lateral part of the orbit called?

A

Zygomatic bone

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29
Q

What is the floor of the orbit called?

A

Maxilla

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30
Q

What are the three parts of the medial wall of the orbit called?

A
  • Lacrimal bone
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Palatine bone
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31
Q

What bones form the nasal septum

A
  • Ethmoid bone (perpendicular cartilage)
  • Vomer bone (septal cartilage)
  • Sphenoid bone
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32
Q

Floating bone: allows muscles to attach to it is called _______

A

Hyoid bone

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33
Q

What are the bones associated with the occipital bone?

A
  • Condyle
  • Foramen magnum
  • Inferior & superior nuchal line
  • External occipital protuberance
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34
Q

What are the bones associated with the sphenoid bone?

A
  • Lesser & greater wings
  • Optic canal
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Sella turcica
  • Foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum
  • Lateral & medial pterygoid plates
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35
Q

What are the bones associated with the ethmoid bone?

A
  • Crista galli
  • Cribriform plate w/ olfactory foramina
  • Perpendicular plate
  • Superior & middle nasal concha
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36
Q

Is the inferior nasal concha part of the ethmoid bone?

A

No

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37
Q

What are the two holes on the maxillary bone called?

A

Infraorbital foramen

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38
Q

What are the two holes on the mandibular bone and what is their purpose?

A

Mental foramen; where nerves exit

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39
Q

What are the parts of the mandibular bone called?

A
  • Mandibular notch, condyle, foramen
  • Condylar & coronoid process’s
  • Ramus, teeth, etc.
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40
Q

What are the names of the teeth?

A

Molars, Premolars, Canine, Incisors

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41
Q

What tooth is the wisdom tooth?

A

3rd molar

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42
Q

Bones that contain sinuses nearby and around nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

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43
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Decrease skull weight, resonated chambers

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44
Q

What bones are the paranasal sinuses found in?

A

Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal (labyrinth), sphenoidal

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45
Q

Functions of the Vertebral Column

A
  • Supports weight of head & trunk
  • Protects spinal cord
  • Site for muscle attachment
  • Allows spinal nerves to exit spinal cord
  • Permits movement of head & trunk
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46
Q

How many total vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

A

33 to 34 in embryo

  • 5 fuse to form sacrum
  • 4/5 coccygeal fuse to form coccyx
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47
Q

Primary curvature occurs in ______, ______, ______

A

Thoracic, sacrum, coccyx

48
Q

Secondary curvature occurs in ______, and ______

A

Cervical region & lumbar region

49
Q

What are each of the abnormal curvatures?

A
  • Lordosis (excessive curvature in lumbar)
  • Kyphosis (excessive curvature in thoracic region)
  • Scoliosis (lateral curvatures)
50
Q

What region is associated with the ribs?

A

Thoracic region (T1-T12)

51
Q

The 5 bones that fuse into 1 to form the sacrum and 4/5 segments that fuse to form the coccyx is a process called ______

A

Physiological fusion

52
Q

What is the function of C1 & C2 of the vertebral column?

A

C1 (atlas) - First cervical vertebrae (supports skull)
C2 (axis) - Second cervical vertebrae (head rotation)

53
Q

_________ allows for articulation of the vertebra

A

Superior articular process

54
Q

The hole in a vertebra is called the ______

A

Vertebral foramen

55
Q

The transverse process, lamina, pedicle are all parts of the ______

A

Vertebra

56
Q

What protects the spinal cord?

A

Vertebral foramen

57
Q

Where in the vertebrae is the spinal cord found in an adult?

A

Above L2, between L1 & L2

58
Q

This allows the spinal nerves to exit the spinal column

A

Inferior intervertebral notch of superior vertebra

59
Q

What is the center of the intervertebral disk called?

A

Nucleus pulposus

60
Q

Name all of the vertebra that have a transverse foramen

A

C1-C7

61
Q

What is a unique characteristic of C1?

A

C1 has no vertebral body

62
Q

What vertebra has a toothlike structure, and Dens?

A

C2

63
Q

What is the bend on the vertebra called?

A

Bifid spines process (only in C’s)

64
Q

What allows for hyperextension of the neck?

A

Spinous process of C2

65
Q

What are all articulation facets found within the thoracic region?

A
  • Body (head of rib articulation)
  • Transverse processes (tubercle of rib articulation)
  • Superior articulating process (articulates to rib above it)
  • Inferior articulating process (articulates to rib below it)
66
Q

What is a half face facet called?

A

Demifacet

67
Q

______ and ______ is found on the vertebral body and transverse process.

A

Superior articular facet for rib head & Inferior articular facet for rib head

68
Q

The ______ and ______ are only on the thoracic region.

A

Costal tubercle, Head of rib

69
Q

What vertebra has a heart shaped vertebral body?

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

70
Q

What vertebrae has a kidney shaped vertebral body?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

71
Q

Triangular bone located between hip bones posteriorly is the ________.

A

Sacrum

72
Q

What is the bundle of nerves on the filum terminal that represents a horse’s behind called?

A

Cuada equina

73
Q

What bones make up the sternum?

A

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

74
Q

Ribs articulating directly to the sternum

A

True ribs

75
Q

Ribs not attached directly to the sternum

A

False ribs

76
Q

In the rib, the costal groove contains ______, ______, ______.

A

Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerves

77
Q

When treating a patient with a pneumothorax, where does the needle need to be injected?

A

Above the rib

78
Q

The medial aspect of the ante brachial bones is the ________

A

Ulna

79
Q

The lateral aspect of the ante brachial bones is the ________

A

Radius

80
Q

How many bones make up the carpal (wrist) bones?

A

8

81
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A

Sacrum & hip bone

82
Q

The medial aspect of the lower limb bones is the ______

A

Tibia

83
Q

The lateral aspect of the lower limb bones is the ______

A

Fibula

84
Q

What bones and how many form the pedal (foot) region?

A

7 Tarsal bones
5 Metatarsal bones
14 Phalanges

85
Q

The depression located on the superior part of the scapula is the ________

A

Supra scapular notch

86
Q

What is the cavity called where the head of the humorous articulates to the scapula?

A

Glenoid cavity

87
Q

The end of the scapular spine is called the ________

A

Acromion process

88
Q

What is the depression (fossa) above the scapular spine called?

A

Supraspinous fossa

89
Q

What is the fossa (depression) below the scapular spine called?

A

Infraspinous fossa

90
Q

________ of the clavicle articulates to the sternum

A

Sternal end

91
Q

________ of the clavicle articulates to the acromium process

A

Acromial end

92
Q

Groove in between the greater & lesser tubercle’s of the humorous is the ________

A

Intertubular groove

93
Q

What ‘neck’ is the closest to the (humorous) head?

A

Anatomical neck

94
Q

What neck is further from the (humorous) head?

A

Surgical neck

95
Q

What are the two condyles at the bottom of the (anterior) humorous?

A

Capitulum (lateral)
Trochlea (Medial)

96
Q

What is the condyle located above the capitulum and trochlea condyles of the humorous?

A

Lateral epicondyle

97
Q

What are the two fossae on the anterior humorous bone?

A

Radial fossa, coronoid fossa

98
Q

Deltoid tuberosity

A

Allows attachment to deltoid muscle

99
Q

What is the fossa on the posterior humorous bone?

A

Olecranon fossa (forearm extension at elbow joint)

100
Q

Radius

A

Lateral forearm bone; head of radius is called the proximal epiphysis

101
Q

What and how many bones have a styloid process?

A

3 bones:
Temporal bone
Radius bone
Ulna bone

102
Q

Interosseous Ridges

A

Ridges found between radius & ulna bones

103
Q

What digits contain a middle phalanx?

A

Digits 2-5 (NOT in digit 1/thumb)

104
Q

What carpal bones make up the proximal row?

A

Scaphoid bone
Lunate bone
Triquetrum bone
Pisiform bone

105
Q

What carpal bones make up the distal row?

A

Hamate - HAS HOOK
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

106
Q

What part of the pelvis (hip bone) comes in contact with seat bottom in seated position?

A

Ischial tuberosity

107
Q

How many spines does the ilium have?

A

4

108
Q

What is the angle found below the pubis? (determines male/female skeleton)

A

Subpubic angle

109
Q

What is the ridge/line found in between the greater & lesser trochanter?

A

Intertrochanter line

110
Q

A pit in the humorous

A

Fovea capitis

111
Q

Where does the kneecap sit in the femur?

A

Patellar groove

112
Q

What is the depression in between the lateral & medial condyles posteriorly?

A

Intercondylar fossa

113
Q

What bone articulates to the heel of the foot?

A

Calcaneus

114
Q

What bone articulates to the distal aspect of the fibula & fibula?

A

Talus

115
Q

All five toes have this in common

A

Proximal & distal phalanx of great toe

116
Q

What (toe) digits have a middle phalanx?

A

Digits 2-5 Middle phalanx NOT in great toe

ANAT 150 (5 decks)

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