ANAT 150 Chapter 7 Lecture Notes Flashcards
Functions of the Skeleton System
- Protects organs (cranium of skull protects brain)
- Mineral storage (calcium & phosphate called hydroxyapatite)
- Body movements (in conjunction with muscular & nervous systems)
- Body support (blood cell production: erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes)
Axial Skeleton
Midline bones
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones off midline
What digits have no middle phalange bone?
Digit 1
What is the Os Coxa?
Hip bone (3 separate bones fuse in growth)
Neurocranium
Braincase, surrounds and protects brain
Viscerocranium
Facial bones, protect major sensory organs (eyes, nose, tongue)
_______ and _______ have alveolar processes and sockets for tooth attachment
Maxilla & mandible
Maxilla
Upper fixed bone of jaw
Mandible
Lower jaw bone, not part of skull but is attached & articulates to skull
What structure did we palpate in class and is below the ear?
Mastoid process
Name two bones that form the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic process & temporal process
What are the teeth and bones associated with them?
- Maxilla (upper jaw)
- Alveolar processes (where teeth are found in)
- Mandible (lower jaw)
What is the joint called that connects the jaw to the skull?
Temporal mandibular joint (TMJ)
What part of the skull does the styloid process belong to?
Temporal bone
What part of the skull does the styloid process belong to?
Styloid is in the temporal bone
Coronal Suture
Between frontal and two parietal bones
Sagittal Suture
Between right and left parietal bones
Lambdoid Stuture
Between the parietal bones and occipital bone
Squamous Suture
Between the parietal bones and temporal bone
What is the eyebrow ridge called?
Supraorbital margin
What is a hole (nerve) in the supraorbital margin called?
Supraorbital foramen
What are clefts in the orbital region of the skull called?
Superior orbital fissure
What is the hole on the maxilla (upper jaw) by the cheekbone called?
Infraorbital foramen
What are the two middle concha of the nose, and what is their plural form?
Middle nasal concha and inferior nasal concha. Plural form: nasal conchae
What is the roof of the orbit called?
Frontal bone
What is the roof and posterolateral of the orbit called?
Sphenoid bone
What is the lateral part of the orbit called?
Zygomatic bone
What is the floor of the orbit called?
Maxilla
What are the three parts of the medial wall of the orbit called?
- Lacrimal bone
- Ethmoid bone
- Palatine bone
What bones form the nasal septum
- Ethmoid bone (perpendicular cartilage)
- Vomer bone (septal cartilage)
- Sphenoid bone
Floating bone: allows muscles to attach to it is called _______
Hyoid bone
What are the bones associated with the occipital bone?
- Condyle
- Foramen magnum
- Inferior & superior nuchal line
- External occipital protuberance
What are the bones associated with the sphenoid bone?
- Lesser & greater wings
- Optic canal
- Superior orbital fissure
- Sella turcica
- Foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum
- Lateral & medial pterygoid plates
What are the bones associated with the ethmoid bone?
- Crista galli
- Cribriform plate w/ olfactory foramina
- Perpendicular plate
- Superior & middle nasal concha
Is the inferior nasal concha part of the ethmoid bone?
No
What are the two holes on the maxillary bone called?
Infraorbital foramen
What are the two holes on the mandibular bone and what is their purpose?
Mental foramen; where nerves exit
What are the parts of the mandibular bone called?
- Mandibular notch, condyle, foramen
- Condylar & coronoid process’s
- Ramus, teeth, etc.
What are the names of the teeth?
Molars, Premolars, Canine, Incisors
What tooth is the wisdom tooth?
3rd molar
Bones that contain sinuses nearby and around nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?
Decrease skull weight, resonated chambers
What bones are the paranasal sinuses found in?
Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal (labyrinth), sphenoidal
Functions of the Vertebral Column
- Supports weight of head & trunk
- Protects spinal cord
- Site for muscle attachment
- Allows spinal nerves to exit spinal cord
- Permits movement of head & trunk
How many total vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
33 to 34 in embryo
- 5 fuse to form sacrum
- 4/5 coccygeal fuse to form coccyx
Primary curvature occurs in ______, ______, ______
Thoracic, sacrum, coccyx
Secondary curvature occurs in ______, and ______
Cervical region & lumbar region
What are each of the abnormal curvatures?
- Lordosis (excessive curvature in lumbar)
- Kyphosis (excessive curvature in thoracic region)
- Scoliosis (lateral curvatures)
What region is associated with the ribs?
Thoracic region (T1-T12)
The 5 bones that fuse into 1 to form the sacrum and 4/5 segments that fuse to form the coccyx is a process called ______
Physiological fusion
What is the function of C1 & C2 of the vertebral column?
C1 (atlas) - First cervical vertebrae (supports skull)
C2 (axis) - Second cervical vertebrae (head rotation)
_________ allows for articulation of the vertebra
Superior articular process
The hole in a vertebra is called the ______
Vertebral foramen
The transverse process, lamina, pedicle are all parts of the ______
Vertebra
What protects the spinal cord?
Vertebral foramen
Where in the vertebrae is the spinal cord found in an adult?
Above L2, between L1 & L2
This allows the spinal nerves to exit the spinal column
Inferior intervertebral notch of superior vertebra
What is the center of the intervertebral disk called?
Nucleus pulposus
Name all of the vertebra that have a transverse foramen
C1-C7
What is a unique characteristic of C1?
C1 has no vertebral body
What vertebra has a toothlike structure, and Dens?
C2
What is the bend on the vertebra called?
Bifid spines process (only in C’s)
What allows for hyperextension of the neck?
Spinous process of C2
What are all articulation facets found within the thoracic region?
- Body (head of rib articulation)
- Transverse processes (tubercle of rib articulation)
- Superior articulating process (articulates to rib above it)
- Inferior articulating process (articulates to rib below it)
What is a half face facet called?
Demifacet
______ and ______ is found on the vertebral body and transverse process.
Superior articular facet for rib head & Inferior articular facet for rib head
The ______ and ______ are only on the thoracic region.
Costal tubercle, Head of rib
What vertebra has a heart shaped vertebral body?
Thoracic Vertebrae
What vertebrae has a kidney shaped vertebral body?
Lumbar vertebrae
Triangular bone located between hip bones posteriorly is the ________.
Sacrum
What is the bundle of nerves on the filum terminal that represents a horse’s behind called?
Cuada equina
What bones make up the sternum?
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Ribs articulating directly to the sternum
True ribs
Ribs not attached directly to the sternum
False ribs
In the rib, the costal groove contains ______, ______, ______.
Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerves
When treating a patient with a pneumothorax, where does the needle need to be injected?
Above the rib
The medial aspect of the ante brachial bones is the ________
Ulna
The lateral aspect of the ante brachial bones is the ________
Radius
How many bones make up the carpal (wrist) bones?
8
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
Sacrum & hip bone
The medial aspect of the lower limb bones is the ______
Tibia
The lateral aspect of the lower limb bones is the ______
Fibula
What bones and how many form the pedal (foot) region?
7 Tarsal bones
5 Metatarsal bones
14 Phalanges
The depression located on the superior part of the scapula is the ________
Supra scapular notch
What is the cavity called where the head of the humorous articulates to the scapula?
Glenoid cavity
The end of the scapular spine is called the ________
Acromion process
What is the depression (fossa) above the scapular spine called?
Supraspinous fossa
What is the fossa (depression) below the scapular spine called?
Infraspinous fossa
________ of the clavicle articulates to the sternum
Sternal end
________ of the clavicle articulates to the acromium process
Acromial end
Groove in between the greater & lesser tubercle’s of the humorous is the ________
Intertubular groove
What ‘neck’ is the closest to the (humorous) head?
Anatomical neck
What neck is further from the (humorous) head?
Surgical neck
What are the two condyles at the bottom of the (anterior) humorous?
Capitulum (lateral)
Trochlea (Medial)
What is the condyle located above the capitulum and trochlea condyles of the humorous?
Lateral epicondyle
What are the two fossae on the anterior humorous bone?
Radial fossa, coronoid fossa
Deltoid tuberosity
Allows attachment to deltoid muscle
What is the fossa on the posterior humorous bone?
Olecranon fossa (forearm extension at elbow joint)
Radius
Lateral forearm bone; head of radius is called the proximal epiphysis
What and how many bones have a styloid process?
3 bones:
Temporal bone
Radius bone
Ulna bone
Interosseous Ridges
Ridges found between radius & ulna bones
What digits contain a middle phalanx?
Digits 2-5 (NOT in digit 1/thumb)
What carpal bones make up the proximal row?
Scaphoid bone
Lunate bone
Triquetrum bone
Pisiform bone
What carpal bones make up the distal row?
Hamate - HAS HOOK
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
What part of the pelvis (hip bone) comes in contact with seat bottom in seated position?
Ischial tuberosity
How many spines does the ilium have?
4
What is the angle found below the pubis? (determines male/female skeleton)
Subpubic angle
What is the ridge/line found in between the greater & lesser trochanter?
Intertrochanter line
A pit in the humorous
Fovea capitis
Where does the kneecap sit in the femur?
Patellar groove
What is the depression in between the lateral & medial condyles posteriorly?
Intercondylar fossa
What bone articulates to the heel of the foot?
Calcaneus
What bone articulates to the distal aspect of the fibula & fibula?
Talus
All five toes have this in common
Proximal & distal phalanx of great toe
What (toe) digits have a middle phalanx?
Digits 2-5 Middle phalanx NOT in great toe
